POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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iii. iv. social development planning with special focus on development of children and women, and environmental upgradation of slums. With these objectives, two schemes were launched. 1989: i. Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY) ii. Urban Basic Services for Poor (UBSP) 1995: Start of Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Programme (PMI UPEP) made applicable to 345 Class II towns and 79 specifically identified district headquarters and hill areas. 1997: Swarnajayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY): In SJSRY, the earlier schemes of UBSP, NRY and PMI UPEP were merged. SJSRY has a urban self-employment programme (USEP) through promoting self-employment ventures, and the urban wage employment (UWEP) component. It also emphasises creating community structures, and applicable to all urban town in India. Much of the non-slum urban poor, live on streets, in and around railway and bus-stations, railway tracks, religious places. They are scattered all over the place, making urban governance difficult. Poor living conditions in slum and squatter conditions also leads to exposure to health hazards due to exposure to pollution and domestic and industrial waste. Some recent schemes include Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission (JNURM). In Tamil Nadu, three cities, i.e. Chennai, Madurai and Coimbatore have been selected for providing infrastructure development and basic services under this scheme. Preparation of City Development Plan is a pre-requisite under JNNURM assistance. The preparation of city development plans for the above mentioned cities had been taken up at the end of Tenth five year plan. One key issue for urban areas is provision of safe drinking water. Under Governmetn of Tamil Nadu initiatives, a Water and Sanitation Pooled Fund (WSPF), which is a Government Trust has been created to cater to the civic needs like water and sanitation for small and medium towns which are pooled together and debt is raised through market-oriented driven approach. The Government of Tamil Nadu has designated the Water and Sanitation Pooled Fund (WSPF) as the State Pooled Finance Entity (SPFE) under PFDF Scheme and authorized it to operate according to the guidelines issued by the Central Government. This fund aims to: 152
i. provide financial assistance for setting up infrastructure projects, ii. mobilize resources from the capital market under pooled finance structure, iii. facilitate the participation of private sector in water and waste water sectors through direct investment and through joint delivery mechanism of Public Private Partnership, iv. enable Urban Local Bodies to access debt finance from markets, and v. act as nodal agency on behalf of Central and/or State Government for water, sanitation and/or any other infrastructure projects. During 2006, the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India had introduced a Pooled Finance Development Fund (PFDF) Scheme. The main objectives of State Level Pooled Finance Mechanism are as follows: 1. Development of bankable urban infrastructure projects. 2. Reduce the cost of borrowing to local bodies with appropriate credit enhancement measures and through restructuring of existing costly debts. 3. Facilitate development of Municipal Bond market. Bankable projects within the context of PFDF are defined as "those projects structured with appropriate credit enhancements in such a way that they demonstrate the capacity for servicing the market debt to the satisfaction of the rating agencies and potential investors". In the context of slums, some of the programmes introduced by the Government of Tamil Nadu are: a. repairs and renovation works for the slum tenements in Chennai and other towns, b. employment training programme for the urban slum youths in Tamil Nadu, c. improvement of slum tenements constructed by Tamil Nadu Housing Board after 1971 at Madurai, and d. repairs and Renovation works for the slum tenements constructed by Tamil Nadu Housing Board. While urban poverty reduction languished for many years, in recent times a new thrust and priority has been given to this growing problem. Important among the new initiatives are the Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission, a modified Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar Yojana, and the Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAS). Rajiv Awas Yojana envisages tackling the issues of inclusive growth and slumfree-cities, including basic amenities and affordable housing to the existing slum-dwellers 153
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 MDGs-BASED POVERTY
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 March 2010 Price:
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements Contents
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List of Tables Table 1.1 Millennium
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Table 5.10 Status of Urban Water Su
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Appendix 1.12 Maternal Mortality an
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MDGs-Based Poverty Reduction: Main
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. In terms of share of below povert
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of expenditure on public goods like
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households or individuals. For each
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Chapter 1 ISSUES AND INITIAL CONDIT
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The first three goals relate to era
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. Poverty in Tamil Nadu: Inter-stat
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and the urban poverty ratio was sli
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the total poor accounted for a prog
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physical development of people. Mor
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Table 1.11: Millennium Development
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indicates that Tamil Nadu will achi
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However, there is a scope for meeti
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status of malnutrition. The accepte
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The under-five mortality rate-U5MR
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(iv) HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Di
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3. While Tami Nadu has done compara
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Chapter 2 REDUCING POVERTY: THE MAC
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est of the economy indicates the ex
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share of the tertiary sector in Tam
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Chart 2.1: Sectoral Growth in Tamil
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policies are in place to absorb lar
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In the context of interface between
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Table 2.7: Decomposition of the Hea
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Dutt are not so relevant for predic
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The SDE estimates vary across the s
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Chart 2.3 highlights that agricultu
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2.6 Summary In summary the followin
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Chapter 3 FISCAL REFORMS FOR POVERT
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Bardhan (1996) emphasizes that ofte
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atio of government employees to pop
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Table 3.2: Tamil Nadu in Inter-stat
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Chart 3.4: Own Tax Revenues Relativ
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collected by state-owned enterprise
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Chart 3.5: Capital Outlay as percen
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The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statemen
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f. Pension and Salary Expenditures
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10 it is kept at 40 percent to acco
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Government of Tamil Nadu has to sub
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Chapter 4 COPING WITH SPATIAL IMBAL
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In order to focus on the deficient
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Chart 4.2 indicates the arrangement
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Chart 4.5: Human Development Index:
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Table 4.4: Index of Gender Deficien
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Districts Table 4.7: Health Facilit
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Regarding access costs in availing
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4.6 Incidence of Poverty: District
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district followed by Villupuram and
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household willing to do public work
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Districts Table 4.13: Implementatio
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Table 4.14: Share of BPL Population
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Table 4.16: Block -wise Gross Acces
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Table 4.18: Block-wise IMR in Thiru
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8. For provision of safe drinking w
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 5 WATER, LAND AND AGRICULTU
Page 125 and 126: 5.2 Water: Key Issues in Tamil Nadu
Page 127 and 128: Table 5.3: Sources of Water Supply
Page 129 and 130: funding under the Water Resources C
Page 131 and 132: In 2006-7, 65.83 percent of habitat
Page 133 and 134: the major cause for poor maintenanc
Page 135 and 136: about 30 litre per capita per day (
Page 137 and 138: 2006-07). However, total area under
Page 139 and 140: nearly 3.5 times as high as the pri
Page 141 and 142: 5.4 Agriculture: Key Issues Agricul
Page 143 and 144: Table 5.19: Productivity (Yield) of
Page 145 and 146: Only rice and sugarcane received ir
Page 147 and 148: iv. There are severe water quality
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 6 LAST MILE REACH STRATEGIE
Page 151 and 152: targeting as a device to improve ef
Page 153 and 154: eneficiaries and of delivering prog
Page 155 and 156: In the nighbourhood of the poverty
Page 157 and 158: inefficiencies. Some of the major c
Page 159 and 160: Tamil Nadu is close to achieving un
Page 161 and 162: programmes. It is the only Self Emp
Page 163 and 164: districts in Tamil Nadu. Namadhu Gr
Page 165 and 166: 6.5 Reaching Households and Individ
Page 167 and 168: proposition more insurable, a group
Page 169 and 170: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 171 and 172: each the urban poor who live in slu
Page 173: Eleventh Plan (2007) observes: “O
Page 177 and 178: unemployed or underemployed poor by
Page 179 and 180: Services Prepare detailed water sup
Page 181 and 182: Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND FORMULATION O
Page 183 and 184: positive and relatively high. The b
Page 185 and 186: 3. In terms of composition of BPL p
Page 187 and 188: holdings are smaller than 4 hectare
Page 189 and 190: There are considerable inter-distri
Page 191 and 192: Table 7.1: Adjustment during 2007-0
Page 193 and 194: R i =(I a +I max -I i )/(I a +I max
Page 195 and 196: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 197 and 198: d. Targeting As far as rural areas
Page 199 and 200: 7.6 Urban Poverty Reduction Strateg
Page 201 and 202: Fund, GoTN has created Tamil Nadu I
Page 203 and 204: Some initiative by Government of Ta
Page 205 and 206: • Addressing urban poverty allevi
Page 207 and 208: land. There is need to develop a sc
Page 209 and 210: REFERENCES Agarwal, S.P. (2005),
Page 211 and 212: Deaton, Angus and Alessandro Tarozz
Page 213 and 214: Himmelfarb, G. (1984), The Idea of
Page 215 and 216: Report of the Working Group on Urba
Page 217 and 218: APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1.1:
Page 219 and 220: Appendix Table 1.1 (contd.): Millen
Page 221 and 222: Appendix Table 1.2 (a): Poverty Lin
Page 223 and 224: Appendix Table 1.3: Poverty Gap Est
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Appendix Table 1.5: Head Count Rati
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Appendix Table 1.6 (contd.): Progre
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Appendix Table 1.8: Women’s Malnu
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Appendix Table 1.10: Child Mortalit
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Appendix Table 1.11 (contd.): State
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Appendix Table1.12 (contd.): Matern
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Appendix Table 2.3: Decomposition o
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and Publicity Relief from Natural C
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Appendix Table 4.3: Demography Rela
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Appendix Table 4.5: Health Faciliti
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Sl. No Appendix Table 4.7: Efficien
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Appendix Table 4.9: Employment unde
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Appendix Table 5.1: Major and Mediu
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Appendix Table 7.1: Indices for Dis
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ANNEXURES 231
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Monotonicity Sensitivity Axiom Mono
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component of the poverty line is th
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Fuchs (1969), while advocating the
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H = m/n (2) The head count ratio ig
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Annexure 1.3 UNIFORM RECALL PERIOD
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‣ Periyar became Erode; ‣ Tirun
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Women Receiving 3 Or More ANC Visit
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In Sivagangai, as per 2001 census,
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Table 4.3: Block wise Gender Wise G
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Block Table 4.6: Trained Teachers a
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Annexure 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUE
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Annexure 6.1 NOTES ON SELECTED CENT
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10. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay
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