POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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Table 5.25: Estimated Per Hectare Consumption of Fertilizers in Major States States 2003- 04 2004- 05 2005- 06 States 2003- 04 2004- 05 2005- 06 Andhra Pradesh 145.26 158.57 203.61 Haryana 161.74 155.10 166.72 Karnataka 78.82 99.51 117.34 Punjab 190.13 194.56 210.06 Kerala 64.20 56.74 57.00 Uttar Pradesh 126.69 134.13 140.37 Tamil Nadu 114.54 159.07 183.67 Uttaranchal 104.75 88.93 94.24 Gujarat 94.68 99.49 111.07 Bihar 88.02 99.78 125.32 Madhya Pradesh 51.64 53.42 47.13 Jharkhand 54.46 62.10 67.61 Chhattisgarh 44.23 65.19 67.36 Orissa 37.07 51.59 57.33 Maharashtra 64.27 74.68 84.52 West Bengal 114.14 129.73 127.50 Rajasthan 37.44 31.33 36.29 Assam 47.54 41.25 49.26 Source: Tamil Nadu Economic Appraisal 2005-06. 5.5 Summary Water, land and agriculture have strong linkages with poverty reduction. Most poor particularly in the rural areas, rely heavily on natural resources-land, and water and agriculture for their livelihood. Therefore, meeting MDGs will depend in large part as to how the State manages its scare water resources and how it develops effective water governance and improved water supply services. Policies relating to land redistribution and transfers will also play a crucial role. The key issues and challenges relating to water, land and agriculture may be highlighted as follows: i. Tamil Nadu is a water scare state with per capita water availability of 900 cubic meter (cm) as against the all India average of 2200 cm. The total water resource of the state is 42.23 billion cm (surface water 24.1 bcm and groundwater 23.1 bcm) and the total water demand already exceeds the availability and the deficiency is 307.8 thousand million cubic feet. Agriculture is the largest user (above 90 percent) of water. ii. Most of the water canals are old and have poor efficiency due to seepage, silting in the canals, and poor maintenance. Roughly 2 percent of revenue expenditure of the State is spent on irrigation and only 10 percent of it is spent on maintenance works. The maintenance expenditure is below the norm recommend by the Ministry of Water Resources leading to rapid deterioration of surface irrigation. iii. The share of tank irrigation has declined due to siltation and encroachments in tank beds, damaged sluices, weirs and bunds. Further, the rate of extraction of groundwater exceeds recharge rate in many parts of the state. 124
iv. There are severe water quality problems in several basins due to industrial pollution and agricultural waste (fertilizer and pesticides). In recent years, the State has passed the Ground water Regulation and Management Act and also enacted an important legislation to require rainwater harvesting system in all buildings to recharge the groundwater and arresting sea water intrusion. v. Nearly 66 percent of rural habitants are fully covered by rural water supply. Of 718 urban towns, only in 19 municipal towns the water supply is poor (less than 50 litre per capita per day) and in 10 towns it is poor (less than 40 litre per capita per day). It is estimated that a capital investment of Rs. 1932 crore is required to provide access to safe drinking water to all households in the state. vi. Current land distribution and use in Tamil Nadu reflects centuries old policies of settlement and cultivation. Due to land ceiling policy and land to tiller, very large farms disappeared and the average farm size is 0.89 hectare. About 97 percent holdings are smaller than 4 hectates each. The small holding size sets the limit for investment in farm assets/modern inputs. vii. Of the total land area of 13 million hectares, forest accounts for 16 percent (as against the environmentally desirable norm of 33 percent). Area under current fallow and other fallow is increasing. About 13 percent of area is designated as wasteland. Reclamation of cultivable waste/fallow land will be essential to increase the area under cultivation. viii. Paddy is still the dominant crop accounting for 32 percent of gross cropped area. Sugarcane and groundnut are important commercial crops. Horticulture is raised in 16 percent of gross area. Although the State compares well in term of productivity of many crops with other major states, the productivity of many of these has declined over time. Evidences indicate the presence of yield gap in many major crops. ix. Agriculture is still a dominant private sector providing livelihood for more than 50 percent of people. About 3 million are landless agriculture labourers. The labour productivity in this sector is about 5 times as low as that in tertiary sector. The Government implements a scheme of distributing two acres of Wasteland to Landless Poor Agricultural Laborers. 125
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 MDGs-BASED POVERTY
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 March 2010 Price:
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements Contents
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List of Tables Table 1.1 Millennium
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Table 5.10 Status of Urban Water Su
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Appendix 1.12 Maternal Mortality an
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MDGs-Based Poverty Reduction: Main
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. In terms of share of below povert
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of expenditure on public goods like
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households or individuals. For each
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Chapter 1 ISSUES AND INITIAL CONDIT
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The first three goals relate to era
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. Poverty in Tamil Nadu: Inter-stat
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and the urban poverty ratio was sli
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the total poor accounted for a prog
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physical development of people. Mor
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Table 1.11: Millennium Development
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indicates that Tamil Nadu will achi
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However, there is a scope for meeti
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status of malnutrition. The accepte
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The under-five mortality rate-U5MR
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(iv) HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Di
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3. While Tami Nadu has done compara
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Chapter 2 REDUCING POVERTY: THE MAC
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est of the economy indicates the ex
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share of the tertiary sector in Tam
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Chart 2.1: Sectoral Growth in Tamil
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policies are in place to absorb lar
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In the context of interface between
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Table 2.7: Decomposition of the Hea
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Dutt are not so relevant for predic
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The SDE estimates vary across the s
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Chart 2.3 highlights that agricultu
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2.6 Summary In summary the followin
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Chapter 3 FISCAL REFORMS FOR POVERT
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Bardhan (1996) emphasizes that ofte
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atio of government employees to pop
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Table 3.2: Tamil Nadu in Inter-stat
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Chart 3.4: Own Tax Revenues Relativ
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collected by state-owned enterprise
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Chart 3.5: Capital Outlay as percen
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The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statemen
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f. Pension and Salary Expenditures
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10 it is kept at 40 percent to acco
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Government of Tamil Nadu has to sub
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Chapter 4 COPING WITH SPATIAL IMBAL
Page 95 and 96: In order to focus on the deficient
Page 97 and 98: Chart 4.2 indicates the arrangement
Page 99 and 100: Chart 4.5: Human Development Index:
Page 101 and 102: Table 4.4: Index of Gender Deficien
Page 103 and 104: Districts Table 4.7: Health Facilit
Page 105 and 106: Regarding access costs in availing
Page 107 and 108: 4.6 Incidence of Poverty: District
Page 109 and 110: district followed by Villupuram and
Page 111 and 112: household willing to do public work
Page 113 and 114: Districts Table 4.13: Implementatio
Page 115 and 116: Table 4.14: Share of BPL Population
Page 117 and 118: Table 4.16: Block -wise Gross Acces
Page 119 and 120: Table 4.18: Block-wise IMR in Thiru
Page 121 and 122: 8. For provision of safe drinking w
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 5 WATER, LAND AND AGRICULTU
Page 125 and 126: 5.2 Water: Key Issues in Tamil Nadu
Page 127 and 128: Table 5.3: Sources of Water Supply
Page 129 and 130: funding under the Water Resources C
Page 131 and 132: In 2006-7, 65.83 percent of habitat
Page 133 and 134: the major cause for poor maintenanc
Page 135 and 136: about 30 litre per capita per day (
Page 137 and 138: 2006-07). However, total area under
Page 139 and 140: nearly 3.5 times as high as the pri
Page 141 and 142: 5.4 Agriculture: Key Issues Agricul
Page 143 and 144: Table 5.19: Productivity (Yield) of
Page 145: Only rice and sugarcane received ir
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 6 LAST MILE REACH STRATEGIE
Page 151 and 152: targeting as a device to improve ef
Page 153 and 154: eneficiaries and of delivering prog
Page 155 and 156: In the nighbourhood of the poverty
Page 157 and 158: inefficiencies. Some of the major c
Page 159 and 160: Tamil Nadu is close to achieving un
Page 161 and 162: programmes. It is the only Self Emp
Page 163 and 164: districts in Tamil Nadu. Namadhu Gr
Page 165 and 166: 6.5 Reaching Households and Individ
Page 167 and 168: proposition more insurable, a group
Page 169 and 170: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 171 and 172: each the urban poor who live in slu
Page 173 and 174: Eleventh Plan (2007) observes: “O
Page 175 and 176: i. provide financial assistance for
Page 177 and 178: unemployed or underemployed poor by
Page 179 and 180: Services Prepare detailed water sup
Page 181 and 182: Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND FORMULATION O
Page 183 and 184: positive and relatively high. The b
Page 185 and 186: 3. In terms of composition of BPL p
Page 187 and 188: holdings are smaller than 4 hectare
Page 189 and 190: There are considerable inter-distri
Page 191 and 192: Table 7.1: Adjustment during 2007-0
Page 193 and 194: R i =(I a +I max -I i )/(I a +I max
Page 195 and 196: line to post-office saving banks or
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d. Targeting As far as rural areas
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7.6 Urban Poverty Reduction Strateg
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Fund, GoTN has created Tamil Nadu I
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Some initiative by Government of Ta
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• Addressing urban poverty allevi
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land. There is need to develop a sc
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REFERENCES Agarwal, S.P. (2005),
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Deaton, Angus and Alessandro Tarozz
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Himmelfarb, G. (1984), The Idea of
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Report of the Working Group on Urba
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APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1.1:
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Appendix Table 1.1 (contd.): Millen
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Appendix Table 1.2 (a): Poverty Lin
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Appendix Table 1.3: Poverty Gap Est
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Appendix Table 1.5: Head Count Rati
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Appendix Table 1.6 (contd.): Progre
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Appendix Table 1.8: Women’s Malnu
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Appendix Table 1.10: Child Mortalit
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Appendix Table 1.11 (contd.): State
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Appendix Table1.12 (contd.): Matern
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Appendix Table 2.3: Decomposition o
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and Publicity Relief from Natural C
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Appendix Table 4.3: Demography Rela
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Appendix Table 4.5: Health Faciliti
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Sl. No Appendix Table 4.7: Efficien
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Appendix Table 4.9: Employment unde
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Appendix Table 5.1: Major and Mediu
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Appendix Table 7.1: Indices for Dis
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ANNEXURES 231
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Monotonicity Sensitivity Axiom Mono
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component of the poverty line is th
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Fuchs (1969), while advocating the
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H = m/n (2) The head count ratio ig
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Annexure 1.3 UNIFORM RECALL PERIOD
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‣ Periyar became Erode; ‣ Tirun
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Women Receiving 3 Or More ANC Visit
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In Sivagangai, as per 2001 census,
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Table 4.3: Block wise Gender Wise G
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Block Table 4.6: Trained Teachers a
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Annexure 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUE
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Annexure 6.1 NOTES ON SELECTED CENT
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10. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay
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POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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