POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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largest. 14 Cauvery water irrigates nearly 20 million hectares of land. But Tamil Nadu is lower riparian state. The total water resources of the state comprise surface water of 24.1 billion cubic meters and groundwater of 23.1 billion cubic meters (Table 5.2). Utilization rate of surface water is estimated to be 93 percent and that of groundwater 60 percent. Evidence indicates that the rate of extraction of groundwater has exceeded recharge rates in many parts of the state. Table 5.2: Water Resources Details MCM Percent TMC Surface 16769 35.5 592 Shares from Other States 7391 15.6 261 Groundwater 23070 48.8 815 Total 47230 100.0 1668 Source: Government of Tamil Nadu (2007), Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-2012, State Planning Commission. Note: MCM – Million Cubic Meters; TMC - Thousand Million Cubic Feet Major water supply sources in Tamil Nadu are (i) canals with 9786 kms length, (ii) 41260 tanks, and (iii) 18.47 lakh wells (Table 5.3). Irrigation is a high volume user of water accounting for about 90 percent of total water uses. The sources of irrigation are major, medium (surface irrigation) and minor irrigation schemes including pump sets, tube wells and lift irrigation. 15 Surface irrigation schemes are generally funded from public sector outlays while ground water development is done largely through individual and cooperative efforts with the help of institutional finance mobilized through land development banks, nationalized commercial banks, state cooperative banks with refinance from National Bank for Agriculture and Development (NABARD) and government subsidy in certain cases. 14 All are flowing eastwards from the Western Ghats and Deccan plateau. Cauvery, Palar, Vellar, Vaigai, and Tambaraparani are major rivers. The Cauvery delta has been the rice bowl of the state for over 1500 years since the construction of the Grand Anicut. 15 In 1950-51, irrigation projects were divided into three categories: major projects costing more than Rs. 50 million each; medium projects costing between Rs. 1 million and Rs. 50 million each; and minor works costing less than Rs. 1 million each. In 1978, the Indian government adopted a new classification, depending on cultivable areas that the project commands. Projects that have a cultivable command area of more than 10, 000 ha are considered as major while projects having command area between 2000-10000 ha are considered as medium projects. Minor schemes have a cultivable command area of less than 2000 ha. 104
Table 5.3: Sources of Water Supply in Tamil Nadu (2006-07) Details Nos. Length of Government Canals (kms.) 9786 Length of Private Canals (kms.) 11 Total Length of Canals 9797 Number of Tanks having Ayacut 40 ha 7982 Number of Tanks having Ayacut less than 40 ha 33278 Total Number of Tanks 41260 Number of Tube wells used for Irrigation 293097 Number of ordinary wells used for Irrigation 1554039 Total Number of Wells used for Irrigation 1847136 Source: Tamil Nadu - An Economic Appraisal (various issues). Note: ha – hectares, kms – kilometers. a. Water Use in Agriculture Most farmers own either irrigated land or non-irrigated land or both. According to the 55 th round of the NSS, approximately 25 percent of farms used little or no irrigation while in 65 percent of farms 80-100 percent of their lands were irrigated (Table 5.4). These data indicate that programmes that focus on irrigated crops will not directly benefit 25 percent of farm households and programmes that focus on non-irrigated crops will not directly benefit 65 percent of farms in the state. Percent of Cultivated Area Irrigated Table 5.4: Access to Irrigation by Farms Average Share of Irrigated Land per Farm (percent) Distribution of Farm (percent) 0 – 20 0.43 24.80 0.69 20 – 40 30.75 2.27 1.70 40 – 60 51.19 4.09 1.34 60 – 80 67.99 4.15 1.53 80 – 100 99.23 64.69 0.85 Total 71.69 100.00 0.88 Source: Dorosh and Sur (2004). Average Farm Size (hectares) The state has a net irrigated area of 2.889 million hectares (in 2006-07). The State’s irrigation intensity of 118 percent is relatively low as compared to the all-India average irrigation intensity of about 130 percent. About 56 percent of net sown areas are irrigated (Table 5.5). 105
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 MDGs-BASED POVERTY
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 March 2010 Price:
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements Contents
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List of Tables Table 1.1 Millennium
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Table 5.10 Status of Urban Water Su
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Appendix 1.12 Maternal Mortality an
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MDGs-Based Poverty Reduction: Main
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. In terms of share of below povert
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of expenditure on public goods like
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households or individuals. For each
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Chapter 1 ISSUES AND INITIAL CONDIT
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The first three goals relate to era
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. Poverty in Tamil Nadu: Inter-stat
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and the urban poverty ratio was sli
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the total poor accounted for a prog
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physical development of people. Mor
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Table 1.11: Millennium Development
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indicates that Tamil Nadu will achi
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However, there is a scope for meeti
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status of malnutrition. The accepte
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The under-five mortality rate-U5MR
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(iv) HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Di
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3. While Tami Nadu has done compara
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Chapter 2 REDUCING POVERTY: THE MAC
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est of the economy indicates the ex
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share of the tertiary sector in Tam
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Chart 2.1: Sectoral Growth in Tamil
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policies are in place to absorb lar
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In the context of interface between
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Table 2.7: Decomposition of the Hea
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Dutt are not so relevant for predic
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The SDE estimates vary across the s
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Chart 2.3 highlights that agricultu
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2.6 Summary In summary the followin
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Chapter 3 FISCAL REFORMS FOR POVERT
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Bardhan (1996) emphasizes that ofte
Page 75 and 76: atio of government employees to pop
Page 77 and 78: Table 3.2: Tamil Nadu in Inter-stat
Page 79 and 80: Chart 3.4: Own Tax Revenues Relativ
Page 81 and 82: collected by state-owned enterprise
Page 83 and 84: Chart 3.5: Capital Outlay as percen
Page 85 and 86: The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statemen
Page 87 and 88: f. Pension and Salary Expenditures
Page 89 and 90: 10 it is kept at 40 percent to acco
Page 91 and 92: Government of Tamil Nadu has to sub
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 4 COPING WITH SPATIAL IMBAL
Page 95 and 96: In order to focus on the deficient
Page 97 and 98: Chart 4.2 indicates the arrangement
Page 99 and 100: Chart 4.5: Human Development Index:
Page 101 and 102: Table 4.4: Index of Gender Deficien
Page 103 and 104: Districts Table 4.7: Health Facilit
Page 105 and 106: Regarding access costs in availing
Page 107 and 108: 4.6 Incidence of Poverty: District
Page 109 and 110: district followed by Villupuram and
Page 111 and 112: household willing to do public work
Page 113 and 114: Districts Table 4.13: Implementatio
Page 115 and 116: Table 4.14: Share of BPL Population
Page 117 and 118: Table 4.16: Block -wise Gross Acces
Page 119 and 120: Table 4.18: Block-wise IMR in Thiru
Page 121 and 122: 8. For provision of safe drinking w
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 5 WATER, LAND AND AGRICULTU
Page 125: 5.2 Water: Key Issues in Tamil Nadu
Page 129 and 130: funding under the Water Resources C
Page 131 and 132: In 2006-7, 65.83 percent of habitat
Page 133 and 134: the major cause for poor maintenanc
Page 135 and 136: about 30 litre per capita per day (
Page 137 and 138: 2006-07). However, total area under
Page 139 and 140: nearly 3.5 times as high as the pri
Page 141 and 142: 5.4 Agriculture: Key Issues Agricul
Page 143 and 144: Table 5.19: Productivity (Yield) of
Page 145 and 146: Only rice and sugarcane received ir
Page 147 and 148: iv. There are severe water quality
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 6 LAST MILE REACH STRATEGIE
Page 151 and 152: targeting as a device to improve ef
Page 153 and 154: eneficiaries and of delivering prog
Page 155 and 156: In the nighbourhood of the poverty
Page 157 and 158: inefficiencies. Some of the major c
Page 159 and 160: Tamil Nadu is close to achieving un
Page 161 and 162: programmes. It is the only Self Emp
Page 163 and 164: districts in Tamil Nadu. Namadhu Gr
Page 165 and 166: 6.5 Reaching Households and Individ
Page 167 and 168: proposition more insurable, a group
Page 169 and 170: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 171 and 172: each the urban poor who live in slu
Page 173 and 174: Eleventh Plan (2007) observes: “O
Page 175 and 176: i. provide financial assistance for
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unemployed or underemployed poor by
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Services Prepare detailed water sup
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Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND FORMULATION O
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positive and relatively high. The b
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3. In terms of composition of BPL p
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holdings are smaller than 4 hectare
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There are considerable inter-distri
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Table 7.1: Adjustment during 2007-0
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R i =(I a +I max -I i )/(I a +I max
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line to post-office saving banks or
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d. Targeting As far as rural areas
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7.6 Urban Poverty Reduction Strateg
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Fund, GoTN has created Tamil Nadu I
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Some initiative by Government of Ta
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• Addressing urban poverty allevi
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land. There is need to develop a sc
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REFERENCES Agarwal, S.P. (2005),
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Deaton, Angus and Alessandro Tarozz
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Himmelfarb, G. (1984), The Idea of
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Report of the Working Group on Urba
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APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1.1:
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Appendix Table 1.1 (contd.): Millen
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Appendix Table 1.2 (a): Poverty Lin
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Appendix Table 1.3: Poverty Gap Est
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Appendix Table 1.5: Head Count Rati
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Appendix Table 1.6 (contd.): Progre
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Appendix Table 1.8: Women’s Malnu
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Appendix Table 1.10: Child Mortalit
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Appendix Table 1.11 (contd.): State
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Appendix Table1.12 (contd.): Matern
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Appendix Table 2.3: Decomposition o
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and Publicity Relief from Natural C
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Appendix Table 4.3: Demography Rela
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Appendix Table 4.5: Health Faciliti
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Sl. No Appendix Table 4.7: Efficien
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Appendix Table 4.9: Employment unde
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Appendix Table 5.1: Major and Mediu
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Appendix Table 7.1: Indices for Dis
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ANNEXURES 231
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Monotonicity Sensitivity Axiom Mono
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component of the poverty line is th
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Fuchs (1969), while advocating the
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H = m/n (2) The head count ratio ig
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Annexure 1.3 UNIFORM RECALL PERIOD
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‣ Periyar became Erode; ‣ Tirun
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Women Receiving 3 Or More ANC Visit
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In Sivagangai, as per 2001 census,
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Table 4.3: Block wise Gender Wise G
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Block Table 4.6: Trained Teachers a
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Annexure 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUE
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Annexure 6.1 NOTES ON SELECTED CENT
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10. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay
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POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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