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Specialundervisning i folkeskolen – veje til en bedre organisering ...

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Kapitel 7. Samm<strong>en</strong>ligning med andre nordiske lande<br />

7.2.1 Institutionelle og styringsmæssige rammer for specialundervisning<strong>en</strong> i<br />

Finland<br />

D<strong>en</strong> nationale regulering<br />

D<strong>en</strong> nationale regulering af specialundervisning<strong>en</strong> i Finland er forankret i d<strong>en</strong> finske<br />

skolelov fra 1998, hvoraf det fremgår, at elever med særlige fysiske eller psykiske<br />

behov skal have støtte der <strong>til</strong>godeser deres behov så alle elever i videst muligt omfang<br />

har lige muligheder for at g<strong>en</strong>nemføre <strong>en</strong> grunduddannelse. Endvidere er det<br />

formuleret i skolelov<strong>en</strong>, at støtt<strong>en</strong> i videst muligt omfang skal foregå samm<strong>en</strong> med<br />

d<strong>en</strong> almindelige undervisning eller alternativt finde sted i and<strong>en</strong> pass<strong>en</strong>de foranstaltning,<br />

jf. boks 7.2.<br />

Boks 7.2<br />

Finsk lovgivning på specialundervisningsområdet<br />

D<strong>en</strong> finske skolelov (The Basic Education Law) siger helt overordnet følg<strong>en</strong>de om rett<strong>en</strong> <strong>til</strong> specialundervisning,<br />

samt at specialundervisning skal gives I relation <strong>til</strong> d<strong>en</strong> almindelige undervisning:<br />

(17 §) »Pupil, who has slight learning or adaptation problems, has right to have special education<br />

integrated to mainstream education. ... if a pupil can not be taught normally due to a disability, disease,<br />

delay in developm<strong>en</strong>t or a disorder in emotional life or for some other reason, she/he should be<br />

giv<strong>en</strong> special education. Special education has to be organized integrated to normal teaching or<br />

otherwise in a special class or other place conv<strong>en</strong>i<strong>en</strong>t for the purpose.«<br />

Skolelov<strong>en</strong> indeholder <strong>en</strong>dvidere <strong>en</strong> række særlige forpligtelser for kommunerne:<br />

(3 §) »The teaching has to be organized according to pupils age-level and abilities. In teaching there<br />

has to be co-operation with families.' The statute of this law (15 §) adds, that »before a pupil is moved<br />

to special education there has to be negotiations with family« and some (medic/psychological) inves-<br />

tigations as well.«<br />

(31 §) » Teaching and all the books, tools, materials and other stuff needed in education are free for a<br />

pupil. A pupil with disability or in need with other special support has in addition to this a right to get<br />

the services that make it possible to participate in the education free of charge. These services are:<br />

interpretation and transportation services, other teaching and pupil care services, special helping aids<br />

and the services that will be organized according to paragraph 39.«<br />

Kilde: http://www.adapt-europe.org/finland/education.htm.<br />

Ifølge d<strong>en</strong> finske skolelov, jf. ov<strong>en</strong>stå<strong>en</strong>de, er det første alternativ for elever med<br />

behov for specialundervisning at give støtte inkluderet i d<strong>en</strong> almindelige undervisning.<br />

Dernæst kan det over<strong>veje</strong>s at give <strong>en</strong>keltintegreret specialundervisning, hvor<br />

elev<strong>en</strong> modtager <strong>en</strong> del af undervisning<strong>en</strong> i et mindre hold bestå<strong>en</strong>de af andre elever<br />

med særlige behov, m<strong>en</strong> hvor fokus fortsat er på inklusion i d<strong>en</strong> almindelige folkeskole.<br />

Først herefter <strong>til</strong>deles specialundervisning i form af specialskoler 7 .<br />

7 The European Ag<strong>en</strong>cy for Developm<strong>en</strong>t in Special Needs Education: www.european-ag<strong>en</strong>cy.org.<br />

<strong>Specialundervisning</strong> i <strong>folkeskol<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong>veje</strong> <strong>til</strong> <strong>en</strong> <strong>bedre</strong> <strong>organisering</strong> og styring · Juni 2010 159

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