Specialundervisning i folkeskolen – veje til en bedre organisering ...
Specialundervisning i folkeskolen – veje til en bedre organisering ...
Specialundervisning i folkeskolen – veje til en bedre organisering ...
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Kapitel 7. Samm<strong>en</strong>ligning med andre nordiske lande<br />
7.2.1 Institutionelle og styringsmæssige rammer for specialundervisning<strong>en</strong> i<br />
Finland<br />
D<strong>en</strong> nationale regulering<br />
D<strong>en</strong> nationale regulering af specialundervisning<strong>en</strong> i Finland er forankret i d<strong>en</strong> finske<br />
skolelov fra 1998, hvoraf det fremgår, at elever med særlige fysiske eller psykiske<br />
behov skal have støtte der <strong>til</strong>godeser deres behov så alle elever i videst muligt omfang<br />
har lige muligheder for at g<strong>en</strong>nemføre <strong>en</strong> grunduddannelse. Endvidere er det<br />
formuleret i skolelov<strong>en</strong>, at støtt<strong>en</strong> i videst muligt omfang skal foregå samm<strong>en</strong> med<br />
d<strong>en</strong> almindelige undervisning eller alternativt finde sted i and<strong>en</strong> pass<strong>en</strong>de foranstaltning,<br />
jf. boks 7.2.<br />
Boks 7.2<br />
Finsk lovgivning på specialundervisningsområdet<br />
D<strong>en</strong> finske skolelov (The Basic Education Law) siger helt overordnet følg<strong>en</strong>de om rett<strong>en</strong> <strong>til</strong> specialundervisning,<br />
samt at specialundervisning skal gives I relation <strong>til</strong> d<strong>en</strong> almindelige undervisning:<br />
(17 §) »Pupil, who has slight learning or adaptation problems, has right to have special education<br />
integrated to mainstream education. ... if a pupil can not be taught normally due to a disability, disease,<br />
delay in developm<strong>en</strong>t or a disorder in emotional life or for some other reason, she/he should be<br />
giv<strong>en</strong> special education. Special education has to be organized integrated to normal teaching or<br />
otherwise in a special class or other place conv<strong>en</strong>i<strong>en</strong>t for the purpose.«<br />
Skolelov<strong>en</strong> indeholder <strong>en</strong>dvidere <strong>en</strong> række særlige forpligtelser for kommunerne:<br />
(3 §) »The teaching has to be organized according to pupils age-level and abilities. In teaching there<br />
has to be co-operation with families.' The statute of this law (15 §) adds, that »before a pupil is moved<br />
to special education there has to be negotiations with family« and some (medic/psychological) inves-<br />
tigations as well.«<br />
(31 §) » Teaching and all the books, tools, materials and other stuff needed in education are free for a<br />
pupil. A pupil with disability or in need with other special support has in addition to this a right to get<br />
the services that make it possible to participate in the education free of charge. These services are:<br />
interpretation and transportation services, other teaching and pupil care services, special helping aids<br />
and the services that will be organized according to paragraph 39.«<br />
Kilde: http://www.adapt-europe.org/finland/education.htm.<br />
Ifølge d<strong>en</strong> finske skolelov, jf. ov<strong>en</strong>stå<strong>en</strong>de, er det første alternativ for elever med<br />
behov for specialundervisning at give støtte inkluderet i d<strong>en</strong> almindelige undervisning.<br />
Dernæst kan det over<strong>veje</strong>s at give <strong>en</strong>keltintegreret specialundervisning, hvor<br />
elev<strong>en</strong> modtager <strong>en</strong> del af undervisning<strong>en</strong> i et mindre hold bestå<strong>en</strong>de af andre elever<br />
med særlige behov, m<strong>en</strong> hvor fokus fortsat er på inklusion i d<strong>en</strong> almindelige folkeskole.<br />
Først herefter <strong>til</strong>deles specialundervisning i form af specialskoler 7 .<br />
7 The European Ag<strong>en</strong>cy for Developm<strong>en</strong>t in Special Needs Education: www.european-ag<strong>en</strong>cy.org.<br />
<strong>Specialundervisning</strong> i <strong>folkeskol<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong>veje</strong> <strong>til</strong> <strong>en</strong> <strong>bedre</strong> <strong>organisering</strong> og styring · Juni 2010 159