Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 80
could be applied globally, would be best used on any subset of countries where
sectoral data are available.
All the approaches assessed here can be built upon the existing international
system: legally binding emission targets for some countries, commitment
periods, emission trading, incentives for developing countries to participate
(e.g. the CDM).
Every approach has advantages and disadvantages. A suitable mix of
approaches – albeit overly complex - can be the key to finding a broadly
acceptable solution, as all participants would find some favorable elements in
such a mix.
2.2 Sectoral agreements
Since the beginning of negotiations on the climate regime post-2012 in 2005,
there has been increasing interest in global sectoral approaches to address
climate change. Sectoral approaches have been prominent during the
negotiations in the 13 th Conference of the Parties in Bali, Indonesia, in December
2007. The Bali Action Plan even includes a specific reference to these; it was also
accorded to set a workshop on sectoral approaches.
Sectoral approaches can be distinguished into:
• Sector-wide transnational approaches, which may be industry-led, so called
global sectoral industry approaches;
• Bottom-up country commitments, possibly combined with no-lose targets;
• Top-down sectoral crediting as an incentive mechanism (e.g. sector CDM).
In this section, the first type of sectoral approachs are discussed - sector wide
agreements. Sometimes they are confused with emission targets for only one
sector within a country, so called sectoral targets, which were approached in
another section (see 2.1.1.6). These sectoral agreements are global agreements
for a sector.
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008