Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 42 important, but only attends to intergenerational distribution and doesn’t capture political acceptability. 4. Institutional feasibility – The extent to which a policy may be seen as legitimate, accepted, adopted and implemented. Economists traditionally evaluate policy under ideal theoretical conditions, however these are rarely met in practice; political realities have to be taken into account. The decision-making style of each nation or the institutional familiarity that may make certain policies more popular are factors to be taken into account. Even if a policy has received political support, it may be difficult to implement under certain bureaucratic structures. 2 Proposals for international climate change agreements A variety of approaches have been proposed for future international climate policy post 2012. Summaries are provided in Höhne, 2003; Aldy, 2003; Bodansky, 2004; Kameyama, 2004; Blok et al., 2005; Philibert, 2005; Höhne, 2006; Höhne, 2007; Kameyama, 2007; and Gupta et al., 2007. This section provides an overview and assessment of several approaches and issues that have been proposed. Some of the presented ideas cover a complete future regime on climate while others only present ideas on specific issues. The list of proposals is grouped around the following themes (Gupta et al., 2007): • National emission targets and international emissions trading - Alternative target approaches - Description of the approaches to future commitments Multistage approach Contraction and Convergence Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 43 Common but differentiated convergence Global Tryptich Historical Responsibility – The Brazilian Proposal - Overview of the approaches - Qualitative comparison - Conclusions • Sectoral agreements • Coordinated policies and measures • Technology oriented agreements (TOAs) • Development oriented actions 2.1 National emission targets and international emission trading Targets are distinguished from goals in that targets relate to actions that are near-term and specific. The most frequently evaluated type of target is that of binding absolute emission reduction target as included in the Kyoto Protocol for Annex I countries. Many authors see these as too rigid and capping economic growth; therefore a number of alternative types of emission targets have been proposed (see section 2.1.1). One crucial element is to agree on the level of the emission targets. Examples of processes to agree on a target include: - Bottom-up basis: Participating countries make proposals (pledges) for individual reductions. This approach has the risk that proposed reductions may not be sufficient for the stabilization levels desired. - A common formula could be agreed upon, which could subsequently be modified by negotiations. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
Page 1:
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS ESC
Page 4 and 5:
Summary ii Summary The objective of
Page 6 and 7:
Summary iv The recent rise of secto
Page 8 and 9:
Resumen vi compromisos para los pa
Page 10 and 11:
Index viii Index CHAPTER 1. INTRODU
Page 12 and 13:
Index x 3.1.4 Institutional feasibi
Page 14 and 15:
Index xii 2.3.9 Overview of sectora
Page 16 and 17: Index of figures xiv Index of figur
Page 18 and 19: Index of figures xvi Figure 4 - 10.
Page 20 and 21: Index of figures xviii unilateral w
Page 22 and 23: Index of tables xx Table 3 - 2. Pos
Page 25 and 26: 1 Introduction
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 1. Introduction 3 responsib
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 1. Introduction 5 ideas. Fr
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 1. Introduction 7 In 1995,
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 1. Introduction 9 3 Climate
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 1. Introduction 11 The IPCC
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 1. Introduction 13 although
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 1. Introduction 15 4.2 The
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 1. Introduction 17 4.2.1 Fl
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 1. Introduction 19 use were
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 1. Introduction 21 4.2.1.3
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 1. Introduction 23 Some fir
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 1. Introduction 25 5.2 Dial
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 1. Introduction 27 and Sust
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 1. Introduction 29 These me
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 1. Introduction 31 COP13 de
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 1. Introduction 33 COP/MOP5
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 1. Introduction 35 asking f
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 2. Options for future clima
Page 65: Chapter 2. Options for future clima
Page 117 and 118:
Chapter 2. Options for future clima
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Chapter 3. Implications of future c
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
4 Case study: Spain
Page 189 and 190:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 165 re
Page 191 and 192:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 167 Sp
Page 193 and 194:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 169 Fi
Page 195 and 196:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 171 in
Page 197 and 198:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 173 Ta
Page 199 and 200:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 175 Fu
Page 201 and 202:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 177 So
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 181 Fi
Page 207 and 208:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 183 2.
Page 209 and 210:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 185 Ag
Page 211 and 212:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 187 In
Page 213 and 214:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 189 Si
Page 215 and 216:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 191 ne
Page 217 and 218:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 193 av
Page 219 and 220:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 195 th
Page 221 and 222:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 197 Im
Page 223 and 224:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 199 Th
Page 225 and 226:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 201 Th
Page 227 and 228:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 203 1,
Page 229 and 230:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 205 Ne
Page 231 and 232:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 207 So
Page 233 and 234:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 209 19
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 213 %
Page 239 and 240:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 215 Mo
Page 241 and 242:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 217 ab
Page 243 and 244:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 219 ba
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 223 30
Page 249 and 250:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 225 1 Introd
Page 251 and 252:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 227 further
Page 253 and 254:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 229 3.1 Emis
Page 255 and 256:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 231 China’
Page 257 and 258:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 233 attracti
Page 259 and 260:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 235 It is cl
Page 261 and 262:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 237 change a
Page 263 and 264:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 239 3.3 Inte
Page 265 and 266:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 241 Technolo
Page 267 and 268:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 243 3.4 Sect
Page 269 and 270:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 245 The Japa
Page 271 and 272:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 247 The next
Page 273 and 274:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 249 conditio
Page 275 and 276:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 251 Adaptati
Page 277 and 278:
References 253 References Abanades,
Page 279 and 280:
References 255 IPCC, 2007. Climate
Page 281:
References 257 Persson, T.A., C. Az
show all

Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?