Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 38
Other proposals return to the concept of policies and measures (Section
2.3), such as some sector based proposals (Section 2.2), technology
cooperation agreements (Section 2.4) or development oriented actions
(Section 2.5).
• Section 3: The approaches identified before are further evaluated
regarding three different types of assessment:
Section 3.1 assesses the approaches against the criteria identified in
Section 1.2.
One important consideration is the difference in national circumstances
and interests of countries. Section 3.2 presents a regional based
assessment of the approaches (Section 3.2.3): interests of countries (3.2.1)
and possible incentives for participation of key countries (3.2.2) are
identified. A brief overview of major public climate policies and
implementation of commitments (3.2.4) is also presented.
Finally, the approaches are assessed taking into account COP 13 key
takeaways, mainly the Bali Action Plan (Section 3.3). The Bali meeting is
more in keeping the breadth of approaches contained in the UNFCCC
than the narrower approach contained in the Kyoto Protocol – quantified
emission reductions for developed countries and emission trading.
• Section 4: Recent several prominent proposals for a full international
climate regime made by various groups are presented in this section. All
of these proposals are from non-governmental institutions but most were
prepared with government input and therefore provide a good overview
of the spectrum of options.
The variety of different options for international climate policy has been
assessed, but an all-encompassing, all-agreeable approach has not been found.
Countries’ national circumstances and interests are too diverse that a system
composed of different stages could be made attractive for as many countries as
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008