Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 117
individual developed countries would have to reduce their emissions. It is a
relevant approach, as it sets out the principles that CAN considers fundamental,
and thus defines the terms that any proposal would need to meet in order to be
backed by the NGO community.
4.2 South North Proposal – Equity in the greenhouse
The proposal of the South North (SN) Dialogue – Equity in the greenhouse –
is a multi-stage framework which divides countries into six classes, each with
differentiated mitigation commitments based on capacity, responsibility, and
potential to mitigate (Ott et al., 2004; Höhne and Ullrich, 2005; den Elzen et al.,
2007; Baer et al., 2007). As countries develop, they graduate and are expected to
assume increasingly stringent obligations. Countries with quantified
commitments may use emission trading. Adaptation is part of the framework,
by way of general allusions to responsibility-based (polluter-pays) funding.
Three of the categories of countries are based on historical categorization:
Annex I countries, Annex II countries (OECD countries within Annex I
countries), and least developed countries (LDCs). Three criteria were applied
for the differentiation of non least developed countries: capability (per capita
income and HDI), responsibility (historical fossil fuel emissions 1990-2000), and
potential to mitigate (combining per capita emissions, carbon intensity, and
growth rate of emissions). The remaining three categories of countries are
“Newly Industrialized Countries” (NICs), “Rapidly Industrializing Developing
Countries” (RIDCs), and “Other Developing Countries” (Other DCs).
Categorization into one of the six classes determines the basic obligations of
each country in terms of the types of commitments it has and the level of
external funding it can expect to help it comply with those commitments.
Briefly, the obligations are as follows:
• Annex II countries: Quantified (Kyoto-style, but more demanding levels)
reduction targets; also committed to financial and technological transfers
to all classes of developing countries.
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008