Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Chapter 3. Implications of future climate regime architectures 137
• Sectoral approach (Chapter 2, Section 2.2)
All of the approaches include as an element emission reduction targets.
Other approaches - such as an agreement on policies and measures (see Section
2.3 of Chapter 2) or on technology development (see Section 2.4 of Chapter 2) -
are not included, because their effect on countries’ emissions is difficult to
quantify.
Different sectoral approaches are discussed in international negotiations.
One option would be that the industry in one global sector would assume a
target (see Egenhofer, 2008); the responsibility to implement the target would
be with that industry and not with the national governments. Another option is
that responsibility stays with national governments but that the same rules for
one sector are applied to all countries – e.g. emission standard or benchmark. A
further option would be that emission targets are defined for all individual
sectors as function of their respective output – e.g. ton of steel, kWh produced.
The targets can still be reached in a flexible manner across greenhouse gases
and sectors, as well as through emission trading. This last option is further
developed into a global regime by the Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP – see
Section 4.5 of Chapter 2) (Schmidt et al., 2006) and is used in this analysis.
The sectoral approach is modeled separately based on Höhne et al. (2006b)
and not within the EVOC tool, used for the rest of approaches. Due to data
limitations, the sectoral approach is only modeled until 2020, and not for all the
regions – the result of the calculations cannot be shown completely in the
figures below. The specific assumptions under which these approaches were
explored, are not presented here (for more information see Höhne et al., 2007) –
the focus is on the results.
The approaches have already been assessed in Chapter 2, however, a brief
qualitative comparison is going to de made in this Section. The strengths and
weaknesses of the approaches selected are summarized in the following table:
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008