Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

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Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 166 2.2 Nationwide factors and indicators 2.2.1 Factors driving emissions The nationwide indicators include relevant information on GHG emissions, both historical emissions by gas, projected emissions and the progress towards the Kyoto target. Also shown are underlying trends in important drivers for those emissions: • Energy consumption – split up into the different energy sources: For most Annex I Parties, the production and/or use of energy is one of the main sources of GHG emissions. TPES accounts for all the energy that is supplied to the economy. • Gross domestic product (GDP) on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis: This indicator provides information on the size and strength of the economy. • Population and population growth: The size and trends of population can affect national GHG emissions, as a larger population generally implies higher demand and hence higher economic activity. Population in Spain has grown due to the recent and intense immigration. Table 4 - 1 . Nationwide indicators for Spain. Factors driving emissions (population, GDP, and energy) and GHG. 2005 2006 Population 43,40 44,12 million people Projected population growth 2004-2020 4 % GDP (PPP) 995,48 billion 2000 US$ Primary Energy Supply (TPES) 145,20 Mtoe GHG emissions 1 440,89 433,34 MtCO2eq. Change in GHG emissions from 1990 53,25 50,63 % 1 Excludes LULUCF and excludes international transport. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 167 Spain has increased emissions substantially since 1990 – around 50%, in close association to its high economic growth. Other factors, such as a lack of effort in energy saving and efficiency, are also of importance here. The favorable trend in emissions reduction of 2006 has not continued in 2007, unfortunately, according to still non-official data. As the absolute amount of emissions alone provides only very limited information, total emissions are often converted into relative parameters: • Emissions per GDP: This is an indicator of the carbon intensity of the economy, which relates national emissions to economic activity; it reflects the net effect of the energy intensity of the economy and the fuel mix. When compared to other countries’ in the ‘performance meter’ (Figure 4 – 2), it can be observed that the value for Spain is low; this can be due to low emissions and/or high GDP, such as highly developed economies with large renewable resources. • Energy supply per capita: This is an indicator of the energy intensity of the economy, which relates total energy supply to the size of the population; it reflects the net effect of economy structure and energy efficiency. It can be observed (Figure 4 –2) that Spain’s is below the average. Depending on the fuel mix, a high value may mean high mitigation potential. • Emissions per capita: This indicator relates national emissions to the size of the population; reflecting the net effect of energy intensity, fuel mix and welfare levels. Spain’s emissions per capita are below Annex I average but above the world average (Figure 4 – 2). A high value may mean high national mitigation potential. • GDP per capita: This indicator reflects the welfare level. Spain’s GDP per capita is around Annex I average (Figure 4 – 2). Spain has experienced a rapid economic growth over the last years; since 1995, the inter annual growth in GPD has been over the EU-15 average. In 1995, Spain’s GDP per capita was 13% below the EU average, in 2004 there was only a 2% difference. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
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UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS ESC
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Summary ii Summary The objective of
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Summary iv The recent rise of secto
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Resumen vi compromisos para los pa
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Index viii Index CHAPTER 1. INTRODU
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1 Introduction
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 225 1 Introd
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 229 3.1 Emis
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 243 3.4 Sect
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 251 Adaptati
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References 253 References Abanades,
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References 255 IPCC, 2007. Climate
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References 257 Persson, T.A., C. Az
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Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

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