Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 69
ensure that strict environmental goals (e.g. 2ºC) can be reached. Anyhow,
application on the global level is unclear. Another weakness is the complexity
of calculating countries’ contributions to temperature increase. Countries with
long emission history would have very high emission reductions.
It is very likely that the element of historical responsibility will play a role in
the future climate regime, however, it is unlikely that it will be the only
parameter for sharing emission reductions between countries. It may be used as
an indicator to determine when a country would have to act, or the share of
financial contribution to adaptation activities.
2.1.3 Overview of the approaches
The following table summarizes the characteristics of the main approaches
described above in relation to the three elements: participation, sharing of
emission allowances and type of commitment (see Section 1.1).
The Common but Differentiated Convergence approach is not considered
here, as it would be in between the Contraction and Convergence and the
Multistage approaches.
Table 2 - 6. Overview of approaches based on national emission targets and international emissions
trading
Type of
commitment
Multistage
approach
Binding absolute
emission reduction
targets.
Pledge for
sustainable
development.
Contraction and
Convergence
Binding absolute
emission reduction
targets.
Global Tryptich
Binding absolute
emission reduction
targets.
Historical
responsibility –
The Brazilian
Proposal
Binding absolute
emission reduction
targets, not
compatible with
dynamic targets.
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008