Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

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Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 98 Table 2 - 9. Selective country perspectives of international climate change agreements Category of criteria Sub-criteria Environmental criteria (1) Putting emphasis on environmental effectiveness EU USA Advanced developing countries (ADCs) Least developed countries (LDCs) YY N 0 Y (2) Participation of industrialized countries Y 0 YY YY (3) Encouraging early action Y Y 0 0 (4) Involvement of developing countries Y YY N N (5) Integrating adaptation and sustainable development Economic criteria 0 0 YY YY (1) Minimizing negative economic effects Y YY Y Y (2) Promoting growth of developing countries Y 0 YY YY (4) Stimulating technological change Y YY Y Y (5) Accounting for national circumstances Y Y Y Y (6) Certainty about costs Y YY Y 0 Institutional criteria (1) Compatible with the Kyoto system YY N 0 0 (2) Moderate technical requirements Y Y Y Y Political criteria (1) Meeting equity principle Needs Y 0 YY YY (2) Meeting equity principle Capability Y 0 YY YY (3) Meeting equity principle Responsibility Y 0 YY YY Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 99 Countries or country groups have different potential expectations of a future climate regime, for some criterion they strongly oppose. Four major conflicts can be extracted from the assessment presented. Figure 2 - 1. Countries’ different expectations of a future climate change regime 1) Economic efficiency vs. environmental effectiveness There is conflict within the fundamental approach to address climate change. Some countries, lead by the USA, approach it as an economic problem, and view as the highest priority economic efficiency – low cost and certainty about emission reduction costs. Emphasis is given to short-term economic considerations rather than to long-term environmental objectives. Emission reductions are not treated with urgency, they may prefer approaches that prepare them to act later, e.g. technology development. Some other country groups, such as the EU, enhance the environmental aspect of the problem, keeping global emissions low has the highest priority. Urgency to act is stressed by these countries. They want certainty on low global emission levels, they may not accept an agreement that would minimize the costs but it is unclear whether the long-term objective of the Convention can be met. They would prefer to work towards defining a joint long-term goal. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
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UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS ESC
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Summary ii Summary The objective of
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Summary iv The recent rise of secto
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Resumen vi compromisos para los pa
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Index viii Index CHAPTER 1. INTRODU
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Index x 3.1.4 Institutional feasibi
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Index xii 2.3.9 Overview of sectora
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Index of figures xiv Index of figur
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Index of figures xvi Figure 4 - 10.
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Index of tables xx Table 3 - 2. Pos
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1 Introduction
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Chapter 1. Introduction 7 In 1995,
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Chapter 1. Introduction 9 3 Climate
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Chapter 1. Introduction 11 The IPCC
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 225 1 Introd
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 227 further
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 229 3.1 Emis
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 243 3.4 Sect
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 245 The Japa
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 247 The next
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 249 conditio
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 251 Adaptati
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References 253 References Abanades,
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References 255 IPCC, 2007. Climate
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References 257 Persson, T.A., C. Az
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Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

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