Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

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Chapter 5. Conclusions 248 as the subsequent cost reduction for the consumer would entail a much larger deployment. These low-carbon technologies may not suffice to achieve the demanding targets of GHG emission reduction on their own; other major low-carbon technologies will be needed. Coal will continue to be a major part of the energy picture for a long time – its supply is more secure than gas and oil, it has competitive costs and there is still a lot of coal. Carbon capture and sequestration would therefore be necessary, at least as a bridging technology. However, it is still too costly to compete with more traditional electricity generation alternatives at current carbon prices and would therefore require huge investments. It should especially be extended to developing countries such as China and India and other large coal consuming countries. Another major low-carbon technology would be nuclear energy; some governments have already expressed their desire to promote nuclear plants as a component of their climate change strategy – its lower carbon emissions, security of supply and competitive cost are some of its arguments in favor –. However, some disadvantages such as political risk and public acceptance problems, and other regulatory and economic risks, should be reduced to reasonable levels. Another relevant question is whether to transfer nuclear power technology indiscriminately, global security risks and political issues cannot be ignored. Carbon markets will introduce carbon prices that should be increasingly higher; national governments are to set mandatory targets such as efficiency improvements, renewable targets or technical standards. The goal is to provide a stable and attractive environment for the private investment to take place and foster technological innovation in order to achieve a low carbon economy. For an effective reduction of global GHG emissions it is indispensable that this approach is extended to developing countries, who will be the main contributors to future GHG emission growth; their mitigation actions being always Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
Chapter 5. Conclusions 249 conditional to financial and technological support from developed countries. Only a global framework can secure the full participation of developing countries. Some key aspects may be to manage the large increases in investment and R&D needed, ensure transfers of technology to developing countries are done effectively, and globally coordinate complex policies. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
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UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS ESC
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Summary ii Summary The objective of
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Summary iv The recent rise of secto
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Resumen vi compromisos para los pa
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Index viii Index CHAPTER 1. INTRODU
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Index x 3.1.4 Institutional feasibi
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Index xii 2.3.9 Overview of sectora
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Index of figures xiv Index of figur
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1 Introduction
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Chapter 1. Introduction 11 The IPCC
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4 Case study: Spain
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Page 279 and 280: References 255 IPCC, 2007. Climate
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Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

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