Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 3. Implications of future climate regime architectures 138 Table 3 - 3. Summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the major approaches Contraction & Convergence Common but Differentiated Convergence • Simple, clear concept Strengths Weaknesses • Immediate participation of all countries • Certainty about global emissions • Cost-effective reduction options in developing countries through full international emission trading • Support for least developed countries (LDCs) through excess of emission allowances • Compatible with Kyoto Protocol (reporting and mechanisms) • Simple, clear concept • Delay of non-Annex I countries’ participation takes account of responsibility for past emissions • Certainty about global emissions • No excess allowances for low emission countries – no “hot air” • Compatible with Kyoto Protocol (reporting and mechanisms) • Dos not take into account national circumstances (including historical responsibility) • Substantial reductions for countries with high per capita emissions, including such developing countries • LDCs need to be capable of participating in emission trading (national GHG inventories and emission trading authorities) • Excess of emission allowances for LDCs need to be compensated by more stringent reduction targets for developed countries • Dos not take into account national circumstances, except per capita emissions and current membership of Annex I • Too simple and not considering national circumstances Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
Chapter 3. Implications of future climate regime architectures 139 Multistage Triptych Sectoral approach • Gradual phase-in of countries, taking into account national circumstances • General framework that can accommodate many ideas and satisfy many demands • Allows for gradual decision making • Industrialized countries take the lead • Compatible with Kyoto Protocol (reporting and mechanisms) • National circumstances are explicitly accommodated • Explicitly allowing for economic growth at improving efficiency in all countries • Aims to moderate competitive concerns between industries in some sectors • Has already successfully been applied on the EU level as a basis for negotiating targets • Compatible with Kyoto Protocol (reporting and mechanisms) • Explicit considerations of national circumstances per sector • Focus on most important sectors and particular reduction options • Makes participation of many selected sectors and consequently of countries easier • If applied globally, decreases competitiveness concerns • Can be build into the Kyoto system • Requires many decisions and allows for exceptions, can lead to a complex system • Risk that stringent long-term stabilization options are lost if countries start participating too late • Incentives needed for countries to participate in a certain stage • High complexity – requires many decisions and sectoral data – makes global application a challenge, may be seen as not transparent. Best applied for a subset of countries where sectoral data is available • Agreement on projections of production growth rates for heavy industry and electricity may be difficult • Only partial coverage of sectors may make achievement of low stabilization levels less feasible • Detailed sectoral information required, currently only available for selected countries and sectors • Requires careful target setting • Certainty on the global emission level is reduced, increases in production volumes (and thus GHG emissions) are possible Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
Page 1:
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS ESC
Page 4 and 5:
Summary ii Summary The objective of
Page 6 and 7:
Summary iv The recent rise of secto
Page 8 and 9:
Resumen vi compromisos para los pa
Page 10 and 11:
Index viii Index CHAPTER 1. INTRODU
Page 12 and 13:
Index x 3.1.4 Institutional feasibi
Page 14 and 15:
Index xii 2.3.9 Overview of sectora
Page 16 and 17:
Index of figures xiv Index of figur
Page 18 and 19:
Index of figures xvi Figure 4 - 10.
Page 20 and 21:
Index of figures xviii unilateral w
Page 22 and 23:
Index of tables xx Table 3 - 2. Pos
Page 25 and 26:
1 Introduction
Page 27 and 28:
Chapter 1. Introduction 3 responsib
Page 29 and 30:
Chapter 1. Introduction 5 ideas. Fr
Page 31 and 32:
Chapter 1. Introduction 7 In 1995,
Page 33 and 34:
Chapter 1. Introduction 9 3 Climate
Page 35 and 36:
Chapter 1. Introduction 11 The IPCC
Page 37 and 38:
Chapter 1. Introduction 13 although
Page 39 and 40:
Chapter 1. Introduction 15 4.2 The
Page 41 and 42:
Chapter 1. Introduction 17 4.2.1 Fl
Page 43 and 44:
Chapter 1. Introduction 19 use were
Page 45 and 46:
Chapter 1. Introduction 21 4.2.1.3
Page 47 and 48:
Chapter 1. Introduction 23 Some fir
Page 49 and 50:
Chapter 1. Introduction 25 5.2 Dial
Page 51 and 52:
Chapter 1. Introduction 27 and Sust
Page 53 and 54:
Chapter 1. Introduction 29 These me
Page 55 and 56:
Chapter 1. Introduction 31 COP13 de
Page 57 and 58:
Chapter 1. Introduction 33 COP/MOP5
Page 59 and 60:
Chapter 1. Introduction 35 asking f
Page 61 and 62:
Chapter 2. Options for future clima
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 2. Options for future clima
Page 153 and 154: Chapter 3. Implications of future c
Page 161: Chapter 3. Implications of future c
Page 187 and 188: 4 Case study: Spain
Page 189 and 190: Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 165 re
Page 191 and 192: Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 167 Sp
Page 193 and 194: Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 169 Fi
Page 195 and 196: Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 171 in
Page 197 and 198: Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 173 Ta
Page 199 and 200: Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 175 Fu
Page 201 and 202: Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 177 So
Page 203 and 204: Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 179 Ta
Page 205 and 206: Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 181 Fi
Page 207 and 208: Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 183 2.
Page 209 and 210: Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 185 Ag
Page 211 and 212: Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 187 In
Page 213 and 214:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 189 Si
Page 215 and 216:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 191 ne
Page 217 and 218:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 193 av
Page 219 and 220:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 195 th
Page 221 and 222:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 197 Im
Page 223 and 224:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 199 Th
Page 225 and 226:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 201 Th
Page 227 and 228:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 203 1,
Page 229 and 230:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 205 Ne
Page 231 and 232:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 207 So
Page 233 and 234:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 209 19
Page 235 and 236:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 211 Ta
Page 237 and 238:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 213 %
Page 239 and 240:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 215 Mo
Page 241 and 242:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 217 ab
Page 243 and 244:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 219 ba
Page 245 and 246:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 221 Ta
Page 247 and 248:
Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 223 30
Page 249 and 250:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 225 1 Introd
Page 251 and 252:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 227 further
Page 253 and 254:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 229 3.1 Emis
Page 255 and 256:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 231 China’
Page 257 and 258:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 233 attracti
Page 259 and 260:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 235 It is cl
Page 261 and 262:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 237 change a
Page 263 and 264:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 239 3.3 Inte
Page 265 and 266:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 241 Technolo
Page 267 and 268:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 243 3.4 Sect
Page 269 and 270:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 245 The Japa
Page 271 and 272:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 247 The next
Page 273 and 274:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 249 conditio
Page 275 and 276:
Chapter 5. Conclusions 251 Adaptati
Page 277 and 278:
References 253 References Abanades,
Page 279 and 280:
References 255 IPCC, 2007. Climate
Page 281:
References 257 Persson, T.A., C. Az
show all

Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?