Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

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Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 68 Advanced developing countries + Unknown, but could benefit due to low historical responsibility, while having high per capita emissions. Group of 77 + They supported the approach; but for some developing countries due to high emissions from deforestation. Russia 0 Unknown. USA 0 No position known, but USA’s historical responsibility may be smaller than that of the EU. Japan 0 Unknown. Other umbrella group countries 0 Unknown. EU 0 They supported the official discussion on it; Strengths and Weaknesses on the other hand, EU countries have relatively high historical responsibility. It is the only proposal made officially by a developing country, and the only one that is still officially discussed under the UNFCCC. As it was brought forward by a developing country, it is attractive to be pursued further. It is compatible with the Kyoto Protocol, regarding reporting and the flexible mechanisms. The original method can only be applied to absolute emission reductions. If Non-Annex I countries do not participate until their contribution to climate change is equal to that of Annex I countries, stringent goals can not be reached. The Brazilian Proposal needs to be further developed for the global scale to Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 69 ensure that strict environmental goals (e.g. 2ºC) can be reached. Anyhow, application on the global level is unclear. Another weakness is the complexity of calculating countries’ contributions to temperature increase. Countries with long emission history would have very high emission reductions. It is very likely that the element of historical responsibility will play a role in the future climate regime, however, it is unlikely that it will be the only parameter for sharing emission reductions between countries. It may be used as an indicator to determine when a country would have to act, or the share of financial contribution to adaptation activities. 2.1.3 Overview of the approaches The following table summarizes the characteristics of the main approaches described above in relation to the three elements: participation, sharing of emission allowances and type of commitment (see Section 1.1). The Common but Differentiated Convergence approach is not considered here, as it would be in between the Contraction and Convergence and the Multistage approaches. Table 2 - 6. Overview of approaches based on national emission targets and international emissions trading Type of commitment Multistage approach Binding absolute emission reduction targets. Pledge for sustainable development. Contraction and Convergence Binding absolute emission reduction targets. Global Tryptich Binding absolute emission reduction targets. Historical responsibility – The Brazilian Proposal Binding absolute emission reduction targets, not compatible with dynamic targets. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
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UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS ESC
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Summary ii Summary The objective of
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Summary iv The recent rise of secto
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Resumen vi compromisos para los pa
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Index viii Index CHAPTER 1. INTRODU
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Index x 3.1.4 Institutional feasibi
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1 Introduction
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References 253 References Abanades,
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References 255 IPCC, 2007. Climate
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References 257 Persson, T.A., C. Az
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Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

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