Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 112
• Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APP)
(Previously introduced in Section 1.4.2.6) Formally launched in January
2006, it consists of seven partner countries – Australia, Canada, China,
India, Japan, Republic of Korea, and United States of America. The initial
six partners – excluding Canada – account for 45%of global GDP, 50% of
GHG emissions and 48% of global energy use (Government of Australia,
2007). They produce about 65% of the world’s coal, 48% of the world’s
steel, 37% of the world’s aluminium, and 61% of the world’s cement
(Egenhofer, 2008). They form sectoral task forces where business,
government and scientific researchers cooperate. Data gathering and
benchmarking exercises are covered for three energy supply and five
energy-intensive sectors (APP, 2007).
• International Aluminium Institute (IAI)
They have set themselves the voluntary objective of achieving a 80%
reduction of process emissions and a 10% reduction in energy intensity
compared to 1990 by 2010. They have nearly reached the objective
already.
3.3 Post-Kyoto agreement and the Bali Action Plan
The Bali Action Plan, which parties to the UNFCCC agreed to in December
2007, puts in place a negotiation process to reach a decision on a post-Kyoto
agreement by December 2009.
Although the UNFCCC provides for a variety of approaches to address
climate change, the Kyoto Protocol is limited to essentially one approach –
quantified emission reductions for developed countries and emission trading
(see Section 2.1). The Bali Action Plan appears to re-establish the Framework
Convention’s multiple approaches to mitigating climate change.
The Bali Action Plan would have the parties consider a “long-term global
goal for emissions reductions, to achieve the ultimate objective of the
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008