Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 126
former heads of government, and 12 leaders from government, business and
civil society, who together represent more than 20 countries.
The GLCA framework proposes (GLCA 2007) four elements to be addressed
in future negotiations:
• Mitigation – Targets, Timetables, Market-Based Mechanisms: Developed
countries, including the United States, to reduce emissions by at least 60%
below 1990 levels by 2050; as a first step, reduce them by 30% by 2020.
Rapidly industrializing countries, including China and India, should commit
to reduce their energy intensity by 30% by 2020 (an average of 4% per year);
other developing countries should commit to energy intensity targets
differentiated by their responsibilities and capabilities.
A carbon price should be set; the preferable mechanism would be a system of
harmonized, universal carbon taxes, but it is recognized that many in
industry prefer a cap and trade system – these should be financially linked
across the world with auctioning of emission allowances.
• Adaptation: It should be seen as part of sustainable development and
strategies to alleviate poverty. Centres for Adaptation in Agriculture should
be established, particularly in Africa.
• Technology Development and Cooperation: Due to recent global declines in
investments for energy R&D, the formation of a Consultive Group on Clean
Energy Research is considered, to encourage collaboration on a “clean
technology revolution”.
• Finance: A climate fund - starting at US$10 billion and growing to US$50
billion per year - should be established to support climate change activities in
developing countries (adaptation, avoided deforestation, and clean energy
development and deployment). The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
should be reformed to give its full potential.
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008