Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 189
Sijm et al. (2007) consider three major types of options for EU burden-sharing
and ETS allocation beyond 2012. Here, the analysis focuses only on two of these
options:
Option 1. Present system
In the present system, the overall EU emission target is shared among its
Member States and, subsequently each Member State divides its national target
between the ETS and other sectors (see Figure 4 - 12). This option is
characterized by a high level of decision-making at the Member State level.
Figure 4 - 12. Present system: EU burden-sharing with ETS allocation at national level (Source: Sijm et
al., 2007).
For option 1, six different possible post-2012 regimes for internal EU burden-
sharing are selected:
i. Grandfathering, i.e. applying a flat reduction rate for all EU countries to
their historic emissions in a certain reference period (Kyoto targets);
ii. Per capita convergence, i.e. differentiation of emission reductions based on
a convergence of emission allowances towards an equal per capita
emissions in a certain convergence year (2050);
iii. Multi-criteria, i.e. differentiation of emission reductions based on a
convergence of the indexed value of a mix criteria: income per capita,
emissions per capita, and emissions per unit GDP (equal weighting);
iv. Ability to pay, i.e. differentiation of emission reductions based on per
capita income;
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008