Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 93
Coordinated
policies and
measures
Technology
oriented
agreements
Development-
oriented actions
Global emission
level uncertain.
Individual
measures may be
effective. Success is
a function of
compliance.
Depends on
funding, when
technologies are
developed and
policies for
diffusion. Focuses
on the long term,
may not be able to
reach low
stabilization levels.
May be small in the
short term, but can
early lead to less
carbon intensive
development with
impact in long-term
emissions.
Depends on
national policies
and design of
synergies.
3.1.1 Environmental effectiveness
Depends on policy
design.
Depends on R&D
risk. Cooperation
reduces individual
national risk.
Marginal costs
across all sectors
would no be
equalized.
Depends on the
package of policies
and the extent of
integration with
other development
objectives.
May limit
flexibility, but
increase equity.
Emphasizes the
need to act rather
than to meet a
particular target.
Intellectual
property concerns
may be an obstacle
to technology
transfer.
They focus
specifically on the
equity aspect of the
need for economic
development, but
this depends
mainly on
distributional
effects of
development
policies.
Easier with a
smaller group of
countries than at a
global scale.
Many separate
decisions. Depends
on research
capacity and long-
term funding.
Depends mainly on
the national
infrastructure to
implement policies
and measures and
of priority given to
sustainable
development.
Environmental effective agreements lead to reductions in global GHG
emissions and concentrations, or decrease climate impacts. Their success
depends greatly on the incentives provided in order to achieve the specific
outcome.
A critical element in the effectiveness of an international agreement is its
implementation context: it will certainly be more successful in a country with a
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008