Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 192
Now, a single EU wide cap for the emissions covered by the EU ETS is
proposed, together with an increased use of auctioning – it is estimated that
60% of the total number of allowances will be auctioned in 2013, and this
proportion would increase in later years. A number of new industries (e.g.
aluminum and ammonia producers) would be included in the ETS, so would
two other gases (nitrous oxide and perfluorocarbons). Member states would be
allowed to exclude small installations from the scope of the system, provided
they are subject to equivalent reduction measures. However, the Commission
has not included the possibility of allowing credits from land use, land-use
change and forestry (LULUCF) projects, believing that global deforestation
could be better addressed trough other instruments. Increased harmonization of
the EU ETS would make the system simpler and more transparent, increasing
its attractiveness for other countries and regions to link up to it; a bigger carbon
market would potentially lower the aggregate cost of reducing greenhouse
emissions.
Figure 4 - 14. European Commission’s proposal for EU effort sharing (23 rd January 2008).
Something to notice is that all objectives are based on the year 2005, and not
1990, as the Kyoto Protocol. Calculating reductions and renewable energy
shares in comparison with 2005 gives an easily understandable picture of the
changes needed, as it compares such changes with what is effectively the
present situation. Moreover, the data for 2005 is more reliable and more easily
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008