Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

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Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 116 4.1 A Viable Global Framework for Preventing Dangerous Climate Change, Climate Action Network (CAN) The worldwide network of 400 NGOs “Climate Action Network (CAN)” (www.climnet.org/pubs/CAN-DP_Framework.pdf) issued its ideas at COP-9 in December 2003, parts of which were redefined for later UNFCCC meetings. CAN’s Global Framework is a multi-stage framework which assigns countries to one of two mitigation “tracks” based on responsibility and capacity, and, for some countries, to an adaptation track as well. The Kyoto track builds upon the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, with legally binding absolute emission reductions and emission trading (Section 2.1). The ‘Greening’ (decarbonization) track includes non-quantified commitments such as Sustainable development policies and measures (SD-PAMS) (Section 2.3), though these would primarily depend on external funding – industrialized countries would provide resources and technology to drive much of this track. The Adaptation track, to be funded on the basis of capacity and responsibility, provides the resources to the most vulnerable regions (small island states, least developed countries) to deal with unavoidable climate changes. Countries receiving assistance under the adaptation track would also be eligible to operate under one of the other tracks. A combination of factors such as per capita emissions, ability or capacity to act and historical responsibility would be used to determine when and how countries move from the ‘Greening’ (decarbonisation) track to the Kyoto track. The level and character of the mitigation actions would be determined by reference to these factors; but the CAN framework says little about how they would be operationalized. No quantified example of the CAN Framework exists, and CAN is not developing one. The CAN “viable framework” is a very general framework, essentially a staged approach (see Section 2.1.2.1), but the elements within the framework are yet to be specified – which countries are part of each track or how much Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 117 individual developed countries would have to reduce their emissions. It is a relevant approach, as it sets out the principles that CAN considers fundamental, and thus defines the terms that any proposal would need to meet in order to be backed by the NGO community. 4.2 South North Proposal – Equity in the greenhouse The proposal of the South North (SN) Dialogue – Equity in the greenhouse – is a multi-stage framework which divides countries into six classes, each with differentiated mitigation commitments based on capacity, responsibility, and potential to mitigate (Ott et al., 2004; Höhne and Ullrich, 2005; den Elzen et al., 2007; Baer et al., 2007). As countries develop, they graduate and are expected to assume increasingly stringent obligations. Countries with quantified commitments may use emission trading. Adaptation is part of the framework, by way of general allusions to responsibility-based (polluter-pays) funding. Three of the categories of countries are based on historical categorization: Annex I countries, Annex II countries (OECD countries within Annex I countries), and least developed countries (LDCs). Three criteria were applied for the differentiation of non least developed countries: capability (per capita income and HDI), responsibility (historical fossil fuel emissions 1990-2000), and potential to mitigate (combining per capita emissions, carbon intensity, and growth rate of emissions). The remaining three categories of countries are “Newly Industrialized Countries” (NICs), “Rapidly Industrializing Developing Countries” (RIDCs), and “Other Developing Countries” (Other DCs). Categorization into one of the six classes determines the basic obligations of each country in terms of the types of commitments it has and the level of external funding it can expect to help it comply with those commitments. Briefly, the obligations are as follows: • Annex II countries: Quantified (Kyoto-style, but more demanding levels) reduction targets; also committed to financial and technological transfers to all classes of developing countries. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
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Summary ii Summary The objective of
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Index viii Index CHAPTER 1. INTRODU
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References 253 References Abanades,
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References 255 IPCC, 2007. Climate
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References 257 Persson, T.A., C. Az
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Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

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