Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

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Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 124 developed and developing countries to informally, "off-the-record" dicuss critical elements of the "post-2012" international climate agreement. In this approach, the ten highest-emitting developing countries in the electricity and other major industrial sectors – which are roughly 1/3 of global emissions - pledge to meet voluntary, “no-lose” (see Section 2.1.1.3) GHG emissions targets in these sectors. The final “no-lose” emissions targets result from negotiations with industrialized countries. Energy-intensity benchmarks are first developed by independent experts, for the electricity and major industrial sectors. From these benchmarks, the participating developing countries determine initial GHG emissions targets that are appropriate for their national circumstances. Industrialized nations then offer incentives for the developing countries to adopt more stringent emissions targets through a Technology Finance and Assistance Package, which helps them to overcome financial and other barriers to technology transfer and deployment. Annex I countries adopt economy-wide absolute GHG emissions targets, similar to those in the Kyoto Protocol but influenced by the emissions- intensity benchmarks. CCAP’s Sector-based approach builds on developing country unilateral actions, and then incentives are provided for going further. Importance is placed on both encouraging sustainable development and achieving GHG reductions. The approach provides new technology financing, and is also focused on removing financing and policy barriers. 4.7 Policy Directions to 2050, A Business contribution to the dialogues on cooperative action The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) is a CEO-led, global association of some 190 companies. The publication Policy Directions to 2050 (WBCSD 2007) sets out an illustrative roadmap from which routes must be chosen for the transition to a low greenhouse gas (GHG) Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
Chapter 2. Options for future climate change architectures 125 economy. It is focused on energy use and infrastructure, rather than on deforestation and adaptation. The WBSCD calls for the development and deployment of leading-edge technologies through partnerships and incentives, and an approach to mitigate long-term market risk. The four policy priorities are: • Establishing by 2010 a quantifiable, long-term (50-year), global emissions pathway. • For the post-2012 climate regime, use the existing international framework as a basis, modifying it to build up from local, national, sectoral or regional programs. Broadening the CDM to sectoral level. • Building national programs to encourage energy efficiency; broaden the range of fuels in the transport sector; and awareness and incentives of consumers toward low-carbon products, services and lifestyles. • Developing and commercializing low- and zero-GHG emission technologies, together with supporting policies and programs to address technical and cost challenges. The approach allows for industry sector participation at the national level and trans-nationally. It aims to progressively include all countries, developing and developed. Industry is more than ever taking an active role in shaping the discussion on a future framework. Their proposal is driven by national programmes, not top-down from the international level. 4.8 Global Leadership for Climate Action: Framework for a Post-2012 Agreement on Climate Change Global Leadership for Climate Action (GLCA) was convened by the United Nations Foundation and the Club of Madrid to mobilize political will to prevent catastrophic climate change. It consists of six former head of states, seven Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008
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Summary ii Summary The objective of
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Resumen vi compromisos para los pa
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Index viii Index CHAPTER 1. INTRODU
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1 Introduction
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Chapter 5. Conclusions 225 1 Introd
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References 253 References Abanades,
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References 255 IPCC, 2007. Climate
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References 257 Persson, T.A., C. Az
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Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

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