Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 200
% reduction compared to baseline-level
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
EU 20% EU 30%
Per capita convergence
Multi-criteria
Ability to pay
Triptych
Equal costs
Figure 4 - 17. Emission allowances compared to baseline levels for 2020 for Spain under the ‘EU 20%
unilateral (with or without CDM)’and the ‘EU 30% in a multilateral regime’scenarios.
The Grandfathering approach 1 leads to the highest reductions compared to
baseline levels for Spain – twice as much as the EU average; this is because
Spain had growth targets under the Kyoto Protocol compared to 1990 levels.
The Ability to pay approach leads to the highest reductions (apart from the
Grandfathering approach) for Spain. Although not yet among the richest
countries, Spain has experienced a great economic growth during the last years
and its GDP per capita is much higher than Eastern Europe countries, which
would be allocated even an excess of emissions under such an approach.
The Per capita convergence approach, as one might expect, favors the
countries with low per capita emissions. Spain’s GHG emissions per capita are
around the EU average, therefore leading to an average reduction effort.
The Multi-criteria approach leads to high reduction targets for Spain due to
its relatively high emission intensity.
1 The Grandfathering approach is not shown here due to reporting reasons, but it would lead to a 20% and 30%
GHG emission reduction compared to 1990 levels (-48% and –55% compared to baseline) in the ‘EU 20% (with or
without CDM)’and the ‘EU 30%’ scenarios respectively.
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008