Carmen Bunzl - Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Chapter 4. Case Study: Spain 199
This would not be taken into account and they would have to reduce both their
yet not reduced GHG emissions under Kyoto and also GHG emissions under
the new EU commitment.
Under the recent European Commission’s proposal for EU effort sharing (see
Section 3.2.1), the base year changes to 2005. Reductions will be calculated in
comparison with 2005 - with what is effectively the present situation - without
taking into account the changes in growth of GHG emissions from 1990-2005.
This approach greatly benefits Spain, as it does not take into account the non-
achievement of Kyoto targets.
The resulting emission allowances are the same under the ‘EU 20% unilateral
without CDM’ and the ‘EU 20% unilateral with CDM’ scenarios, as these are
calculated before trading. In general, the pattern of high and low reduction
targets for the different regimes is roughly the same in the ‘EU 30% multilateral
regime’ scenario, but evidently with higher reduction targets.
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
% change compared to 1990-level
EU 20% EU 30%
Per capita convergence
Multi-criteria
Ability to pay
Triptych
Equal costs
Baseline
Figure 4 - 16. Emission allowances compared to 1990 levels for 2020 for Spain under the ‘EU 20%
unilateral (with or without CDM)’and the ‘EU 30% in a multilateral regime’scenarios.
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI Carmen Bunzl Boulet Junio 2008