PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds Bacterial Diseases 293. Biology and Identification 294 No. diseases in Australia 294 Some distinctive features 294 Life cycle 294 Classification 295 Identification 295 Symptoms 295 List of some bacterial diseases 297 Nutrition and parasitism 299 How bacteria infect host plants 299 Distribution in plant 299 Disease cycle 299 Overwintering, oversummering 300 Spread 300 Conditions favouring 301 Integrated Disease Management (IDM) 302 Control methods 302 Legislation 302 Cultural methods 302 Sanitation 302 Biological control 302 Resistant, tolerant varieties 303 Plant quarantine 303 Disease-tested planting material 303 Physical and mechanical methods 303 Bactericides 303 Examples of bacterial diseases 304 Crown gall 304 Bacterial canker of stone fruit 307 Bacterial leaf spots 310 Review questions and activities 312 Selected references 312 Fungal Diseases 313. Biology, Identification and Classification 314 No. diseases in Australia 314 Some distinctive features 314 Life cycle 314 Symptoms, damage 315 Identification 319 Classification of fungi 319 List of some fungal diseases 320 Nutrition and parasitism 324 How fungi infect host plants 324 Distribution within host plant 324 Disease cycle 325 Overwintering, oversummering 325 Spread 326 Conditions favouring 326 Integrated Disease Management (IDM) 327 Control methods 328 Legislation 328 Cultural methods 328 Sanitation 328 Biological control 329 Resistant, tolerant varieties 329 Plant quarantine 329 Disease-tested planting material 330 Physical and mechanical methods 330 Fungicides 331 Resistance 337 Fungicide Activity Groups (Table 58) 338 Disinfectants (Table 59) 343 Bio-fungicides, soaps, bicarbonates, milk, etc (Table 60) 344 Examples of fungal diseases 345 Powdery mildews 345 Downy mildews 348 Rusts 351 Black spot of rose 355 Peach leaf curl 358 Wood rots 361 Phytophthora root rot (Pc) 364 Damping off 371 Review questions and activities 375 Selected references 376 viii
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds Parasitic Flowering Plants 377. Biology and Identification 378 No. species in Australia 378 Some distinctive features 378 Weed status of parasitic plants 378 Beneficial values 378 Identification 378 Hemi-parasites 379 Native cherries 379 Western Australia Christmas tree 379 Witchweeds 380 Mistletoes , 380 s381 True parasites 381 Dodder 381 Broomrape 382 Integrated Weed Management (IWM) 382 Control methods 383 Legislation 383 Cultural methods 383 Sanitation 384 Biological control 384 Resistant, tolerant varieties 384 Plant quarantine 384 Weed-tested planting material 385 Physical and mechanical methods 385 Herbicides 385 Review questions and activities 386 Selected references 386 NON-PARASITIC PESTS AND DISEASES 387 Causes and Diagnostics 388 What are non-parasitic pests and diseases? 388 Symptoms and damage 389 Diagnostics 389 Examples of non-parasitic problems 390 Living agents 391 Non-living agents 392 Environment 392 Climate change, salinity 394 Nutrient deficiencies and toxicities, pesticide injury, acid soil 395 Pollutants, mechanical injuries 396 Genetic abnormalities 397 Delayed effects, spread, conditions favouring 398 Integrated Disease Management (IDM) 399 Control methods 400 Legislation 400 Cultural methods 400 Tolerant varieties 401 Plant quarantine 402 Problem-tested planting material 402 Physical and mechanical methods 402 Pesticides 402 Plant growth regulators (Table 70) 403 Leaf anti-transpirants, soil wetting agents, water storage (Table 71) 405 Review questions and activities 407 Selected references 408 ix
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Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds