PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

More documents

Recommendations

Info

PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds CONTROL METHODS (contd) This is a guide only, it is not a substitute for reading all of the label and the MSDS and obtaining up-to-date advice NEMATICIDES. (contd) Nemacur -accelerated biodegradation. (NAB). Nemacur (fenamiphos) and other pesticides degrade in the environment at varying rates due to various processes, eg – The environment, eg light, temperature, moisture. – Microorganisms in soil, eg fungi, bacteria, obtain their food from Nemacur . – Addition of more Nemacur allows the microorganisms to proliferate, but at the same time the effective life of Nemacur may be shortened considerably. – Repeated applications of Nemacur makes the problem worse. – A free soil testing service established by Bayer ensures that the Nemacur non-use period is sufficient to reduce numbers of biodegradation microorganisms. – To maximize life of Nemacur use the right rate (underdosing will lead to shorter term control and overdosing may lead to more pronounced biodegradation) and rotate or alternate nematicides. Nematicides are generally divided into Non-fumigants (Table 51) and Fumigants (Table 52). Mark nematicides you use at work, Contact Croplife Australia for updates of the including surfactants. classifications and further information This is a summary guide only, and not a www.croplife.org.au substitute for reading a currently registered label, MSDS and obtaining up-to-date advice Checkcurrent registration status www.apvma.gov.au/ Insecticides are classified by Croplife Infopest can be purchased www.dpi.qld.gov.au/ Australia into mode of action groups. Table 51. Non-fumigant. Insecticides/Nematicides (2009) examples only Non-fumigant pre- and post-plant contact soil nematicides move through the soil as liquids in soil solutions and act as contact poisons. They may be applied as liquids or granules to: – The soil in bands, in planting furrows or broadcast. – Established commercial turf and other plants as a drench. – Seed and bare plant roots as a dip. – Usually applied at planting time or when nematode populations are increasing early in the season. Non-fumigant nematicides are not for home garden use. MAIN MODE OF ACTION GROUP and Primary Site of Action 1 Acetylcholinester ase inhibitors INSECTICIDES CHEMICAL SUBGROUP or Exemplifying Active constituent 1A Carbamates 1B Organo Phosphates THE PRODUCT Trade name Active constituent FURADAN carbofuran DANGEROUS POISON ELECTRA, NUDRIN, LANNATE, VARIOUS methomyl DANGEROUS POISON TEMIK aldicarb DANGEROUS POISON VYDATE oxamyl DANGEROUS POISON RUGBY cadusafos DANGEROUS POISON COUNTER, HUNTER terbufos DANGEROUS POISON FENAMIPHOS, NEMACUR, VARIOUS fenamiphos DANGEROUS POISON and POISON Mode of action Systemic Contact action Stomach action Systemic Contact action Stomach action ovicide, larvicide Systemic absorbed by root system, upwards movement only in the plant Systemic Contact action moves up and down in plant Systemic Contact action Contact action Stomach action Systemic Systemic Contact action often only preplant application SOME USES Read label, obtain advice from company CROPS, SITES TREATED Rice, sugarcane, tobacco, wheat, barley Non-crop, sheds, certain field crops, pasture, cotton, fruit, vegetables Citrus fruit, cotton, sugarcane Bananas, capsicum, tomatoes Banana, ginger, sugarcane, tobacco, tomato Banana, wheat, barley, maize, peanut, sorghum, sunflower, sweetcorn Certain fruit, field crops, vegetables, ornamentals, mushrooms, turf DISEASES, PESTS, WEEDS CONTROLLED/SUPPRESSED Nematicide cereal cyst, other nematodes Insecticide leaf hoppers, white rice stem borers, Helicoverpa Nematicide slight activity only not on labels Insecticide wide range of insects Nematicide burrowing, citrus, root knot, root lesion and spiral nematodes Insecticide aphids, scale, mealybugs, citrus leafminer, mites, thrips, mirids, wireworm Nematicide burrowing, root knot and spiral nematodes Insecticide banana weevil borer larvae Soil nematicide burrowing, root knot, root lesion, spiral and stubby root nematodes Soil insecticide banana weevil borer, canegrubs Soil nematicide burrowing, cereal cyst nematodes Soil insecticide banana weevil borer, white grubs, whitefringed weevil, wireworms Soil nematicide soil-borne plant parasitic nematodes, foliar nematode Insecticide soil insects, eg African black beetle larvae, sucking insects 266 Nematode diseases
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds Table 52. Fumigant. Insecticides/Nematicides (2009) examples only All chemical fumigants are extremely hazardous, and must only be supplied to and used by licensed persons. Most fumigants are used to control insect pests of stored grain, etc. Fumigants are also used in many other situations, including for quarantine requirements. Soil fumigation is mostly used to control soil-borne diseases and nematodes that buildup in soil where susceptible crops are grown continuously. Soil fumigants are applied before planting. – Soil temperature at time of application is important. – Fumigants may be applied as a liquid, granule, wettable powder or gas, but move through soil as a gas. – 'sealed in’ for a certain length of time for them to be effective (fumigation time). – Generally an aeration period is necessary between application and planting to allow the fumigant to escape from soil before planting. It may take 10-40 days for gases to disappear from soil. MAIN MODE OF ACTION GROUP and Primary Site of Action 8 Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors INSECTICIDE 24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors INSECTICIDE Other fumigants CHEMICAL SUBGROUP or Exemplifying Active constituent 8A Alkyl halides BEING PHASED OUT Produces ozonedepleting gases 8B Chloropicrin 24A Phosphine- Bio-fumigant THE PRODUCT Trade name Active constituent AGRIGAS, METHYL BROMIDE methyl bromide often formulated with chloropicrin DANGEROUS POISON CHLOROFUME SOIL FUMIGANT chloropicrin (tear gas) often formulated with methyl bromide or 1,3- dichloropropene, below DANGEROUS POISON VARIOUS aluminium phosphide DANGEROUS POISON VARIOUS magnesium phosphide DANGEROUS POISON BASAMID GRANULAR SOIL FUMIGANT dazomet POISON METHAM SOIL FUMIGANT metham-sodium DANGEROUS POISON or POISON MILSPOT FUMIGANT ethylene dichloride + trichloroethylene POISON TELONE 1,3-dichloropropene, may be formulated with chloropicrin DANGEROUS POISON ENVIROFUME SOIL FUMIGANT potassium monomethyl dithiocarbamate POISON FUMAFERT glucosinolates (mustard seed meal, Brassica juncea) + neem kernels (azadirachtin from Azadirachia indica) (page 60) Mode of action Fumigant Fumigant also used as a warning agent with other fumigants Pre-plant Fumigant Fumigant Fumigant Fumigant Fumigant Fumigant Fumigant SOME USES Read label, obtain advice from company CROPS, PLANTS, SITES TREATED Non-crop, buildings, equipment compost, turf, manure, cane products, straw, timber, plant beds, certain plant products dried fruit, stored grain Non-crop, tobacco, crop land, pasture, soil treatments, soil heaps, rabbit burrows Non-crop, buildings, seed, stored grain Non-crop, stored grain, food commodities, stock feed Seedbeds, broadacre, bulk soil treatments Certain seedbeds, potting mixes, ornamentals, field and fibre crops, lawns, tobacco, Brassicas, Flour mill machinery, food processing plants Certain vegetable, field, fruit and nut crops, ginger, nursery crops Certain ornamental, food and fibre crops, tobacco Biofumigant Intensive glucosinolates decompose releasing volatile gases toxic to many organisms. Indian mustard as a rotation crop has a similar effect agriculture, turf, nursery and covered crops, long-lasting DISEASES, PESTS, WEEDS CONTROLLED/SUPPRESSED Pre-plant soil fumigant bacteria, nematodes, insects, weed seeds, fungi (not Verticillium), rodents Commodity fumigant insects, mites, mills, ships, warehouses Plant quarantine various, postharvest, buildings, permits Pre-plant soil fumigant certain soil insect pests, nematodes, fungal and bacterial diseases, weed seeds. Rabbits Commodity fumigant storage pests, rabbits Commodity fumigant storage pests Pre-plant soil fumigant nematodes, soil-borne insects, soil fungi and germinating weed seeds Pre-plant soil fumigant certain soil-borne pests, symphalids, nematodes, fungi, germinating weed seeds Commodity fumigant flour beetles, moths, weevils Pre-plant soil fumigant plant parasitic nematodes Pre-plant soil fumigant soil-borne pests and certain weeds, nematodes, symphalids and fungal diseases. Suppresses soilborne insects, diseases, nematodes does not control weeds Slow release fertiliser nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace minerals Nematode diseases 267
Page 1 and 2:
PLANT PROTECTION 1 Pests, Diseases
Page 3 and 4:
PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disease
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Insect secretions PLANT PROTECTION
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234: PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disease
Page 283: PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disease
Page 297 and 298: . PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disea
Page 305 and 306: . PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disea
Page 313 and 314: 1 PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disea
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Control methods Cultural methods.
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
. PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disea
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
. PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disea
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473 and 474:
Page 475 and 476:
Page 477 and 478:
Page 479 and 480:
Page 481 and 482:
Page 483 and 484:
Page 485 and 486:
Page 487 and 488:
Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495 and 496:
Page 497 and 498:
Page 499 and 500:
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
show all

PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?

PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds