PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

More documents

Recommendations

Info

. PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds PLANT QUARANTINE LEGISLATION AUSTRALIAN PLANT QUARANTINE SERVICE AQIS. INTERSTATE & REGIONAL PLANT QUARANTINE LOCAL PLANT QUARANTINE Restrict movement by vehicles and people THE QUARANTINE ACT (1908) AND AMENDMENTS is the legal base for quarantine in Australia. Australia’s quarantine function is delivered by: Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS) which undertakes quarantine operations and ensures compliance with quarantine policy. Prohibited imports include insects and products on, or in which they might be carried. Soil is a prohibited import. Biosecurity Australia which develops quarantine policy and advises the Government. Biosecurity has a plan of action if pests enter Australia. www.daffa.gov.au/aqis INSECT PESTS NOT YET IN AUSTRALIA include: Some insect pests of plants not as yet in Australia include: Colorado potato beetle European corn borer Japanese beetle, Khapra beetle Leafmining insects of chrysanthemum New Zealand grass grub Rice stem borers For target lists of insects, plant pests and diseases and weeds, visit: www.daff.gov.au/aqis/quarantine/naqs/target-lists PaDIL (Pests and Diseases Image Library) is a good reference for exotic pests: www.padil.gov.au/ INSECT VECTORS NOT YET IN AUSTRALIA include: Asian citrus pysllid (a vector for the bacterial disease citrus greening) PESTS WHICH HAVE ARRIVED in Australia within the last 10 years include: Aphids, eg currant lettuce aphid, Monterey pine aphid Mites, eg olive bud mite, southern red mite Thrips, eg banana thrips, fig thrips, melon thrips, Western flower thrips Whiteflies, eg ash whitefly, cabbage whitefly, spiralling whitefly Others, eg elm leaf beetle, mango leafhopper, red imported fire ant PESTS WHICH OCCUR IN AUSTRALIA BUT NOT IN OTHER COUNTRIES Export fruit, plant material and other items infested with such pests may not be permitted entry to countries where the pest does not occur, such pests include: Various species of fruit flies San Jose scale, many pests of eucalypts QUARANTINE WITHIN AUSTRALIA (domestic quarantine) Insect pests subject to quarantine measures within Australia include: Azalea leafminer Citrus leafminer, citrus gall wasp Mediterranean and Queensland fruit flies Argentine ant, red imported fire ant Western flower thrips, melon thrips Codling moth Elm leaf beetle Grape phylloxera European red mite Wendy Unger Sorghum midge For more information on interstate quarantine visit: www.quarantinedomestic.gov.au/ SOME INSECTS DO NOT FLY VERY FAR, SOME ARE WINGLESS One of their main methods of spread of such pests is by the movement of infested plant material and they are often re-introduced into glasshouses and nurseries by this means, eg on cuttings, in soil, vehicles, clothes many insects may be found on clothes, shoes, vehicles, containers. Azalea leafminer moths can only fly about 1 meter. Mealybugs and mites crawl. Adult female scales which are stationary. Isolate new introductions until pest-freedom is assured. There is no legislation to control this level of quarantine. 46 Insects and allied pests - Integrated pest management
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds PEST-TESTED PLANTING MATERIAL LEGISLATION Legislation regulates production, the supply line and sale of pest-tested planting material to growers, eg Horticultural Stock and Nurseries Acts Seed Acts WHAT IS PEST-TESTED PLANTING MATERIAL? Insect pests and mites (and diseases) may be carried in, on or in association with, bulbs, cuttings and other vegetative propagation material. They may also be carried in seeds and in soil. Many terms have been used in the past to describe ‘tested planting material’, eg virus-tested, disease-tested, high health, elite stock, etc. ALWAYS PLANT PEST-TESTED PLANTING MATERIAL (if available) Planting material is only free from the pests (and diseases) for which it has been tested and found to be free from. It may carry other pests (and diseases) for which it has not been tested. Efforts are made to ensure that pest-tested planting material is as free from as many other pests, diseases and weeds as possible, and is of good horticultural quality. To get rid of the specified pests, disease-tested planting material has either undergone treatment or been grown in special areas free from the specified pests (area freedom). In either case the planting material is tested again (or continually) before sale to ensure that it really is free of the specified pests. – Treatments include hot water, insecticides. – Area-freedom. Crops grown for seed may be grown in areas that are free of the target pest, eg Western flower thrips, grape phylloxera. These areas are defined by legislation. Certification Schemes aim to provide seed or vegetative propagation material conforming to cultural characteristics and guaranteed-free from specified pests, diseases and weeds to the grower. Suppliers. Contact your crop association. INSECT PESTS ASSOCIATED WITH PROPAGATION MATERIAL Ornamental plants Azaleas cuttings, plants Chrysanthemum cuttings Daffodil bulbs Gladiolus corms Rose nursery stock Bulb fly Fruit trees maggots Citrus nursery stock Stone fruit nursery stock Pome fruit nursery stock Currants Grapevine rootstock - Azalea leafminer, azalea lace bug - Chrysanthemum gall midge, cineraria leafminer - Bulb flies, bulb mites - Gladiolus thrips - Rose scale - Citrus gall wasp, citrus leafminer, scales - San Jose scale, aphids - San Jose scale, woolly aphid Citrus gall wasp - Currant borer moth larvae damage - Phylloxera Vegetable and field crops Bean seed - Bean weevil Potato tubers - Potato moth Lucerne seed - Lucerne seed wasp Rice seed - Rice weevil Rice weevil damage PREVENT RE- INFESTATION PREVENT RE-INFESTATION by not introducing infested bulbs, tubers, nursery stock, cuttings, etc, which may carry pests that may attack your crop. Pest-tested planting material is usually not resistant to attack by the pests (and diseases) it has been freed from and so may be re-infested. Only introduce pest-tested planting material into pest-free areas and plant into pest-free media or soil. Insects and allied pests - Integrated pest management 47
Page 1 and 2:
PLANT PROTECTION 1 Pests, Diseases
Page 3 and 4:
PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disease
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14: PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disease
Page 37 and 38: Insect secretions PLANT PROTECTION
Page 63: PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disease
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
. PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disea
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
1 PLANT PROTECTION 1 - Pests, Disea
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Control methods Cultural methods.
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473 and 474:
Page 475 and 476:
Page 477 and 478:
Page 479 and 480:
Page 481 and 482:
Page 483 and 484:
Page 485 and 486:
Page 487 and 488:
Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495 and 496:
Page 497 and 498:
Page 499 and 500:
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
show all

PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?

PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds