PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds Table 47. Molluscicides. MAIN MODE OF ACTION GROUP and Primary Site of Action 1 Acetylcholinester ase inhibitors INSECTICIDES CHEMICAL SUBGROUP or Exemplifying Active constituent 1A. Carbamates THE PRODUCT Trade name Active constituent BAYSOL, MESUROL SNAIL AND SLUG BAIT methiocarb BLUE BAIT Formulated with Bitrex TM Pet Taste Deterrent. Blue is attractive to snails and slugs but unattractive to birds. Stands up well to wet weather and is suitable for use in glasshouses Mesurol is available as a bait or spray but not for home garden use Mode of action Contact action Stomach action Has to be eaten, affects their nervous system. Non-systemic in plants, toxic to fish, bees, earth worms, poultry, pets. Snails do not recover SOME USES Read label, obtain advice from company CROPS, SITES TREATED Non-crop, certain seedlings, garden beds, fruit, ornamentals, vegetables, field crops, pastures, cereals, long residual control PESTS CONTROLLED, SUPPRESSED Snails & slugs certain species Insecticide fungus gnats, slaters, millipedes Others 1B Organo phosphates Miscellaneous Inorganic metals SUPRACIDE methidathion Extremely hazardous DANGEROUS POISON S7 DEFENDER, SLUGGER, SLUGOUT, VARIOUS metaldehyde GREEN BAIT, granules, pellets, powder, aerosol, emulsifiable concentrate Some products formulated with Bitrex TM Pet Taste Deterrent and/or Petrepel TM MULTIGUARD SNAIL AND SLUG PELLETS iron-edta complex RED BAIT, colour change to YELLOW is proposed Formulated with a taste deterrent to discourage children. ENVIROGUARD FERRAMOL, NEUDORFF'S SLUG AND SNAIL BAIT iron as iron phosphate BAIT Non-systemic Contact action Stomach action Long residual effectiveness Dehydration Stomach action Kills snails & slugs by dehydration, more effective if dry, sunny or windy weather follows baiting. If damp over-cast weather follows baiting, snails may recover. Iron toxicity Stomach action Snails and slugs are very susceptible to iron in their blood, snails crawl back to shelter to die Stomach action No contact action Apply bait in evening, reapply as it is consumed Commercial orchids, used on some other plants to control many insects & mite pests Non-crop. ornamentals, garden beds, vegetables, seedlings, do not apply to edible parts of plants Non crop, garden beds, field crops Harmless to domestic & mos wild animals, & environment. Not a scheduled poison Home gardens, safe for pets animals, birds, earthworms & other nontarget spp. Molluscicide slugs and snails Broad spectrum insecticide especially sucking insects, eg aphids, thrips, scales, also mites Snails & slugs certain species Snails & slugs certain species, persists about 2 weeks depending on weather, less in wet weather, longer in dry weather. Breaks down to add iron to the soil Snails & slugs stop feeding immediately & go back to their resting place to die in 3-6 days SLUGIT, VARIOUS copper as buffered complex copper Surface barrier Repellent activity Home gardens Snails & slugs certain species VARIOUS copper sulphate Controls & destroys snails Fresh water aquariums Snails certain species Garlic GARLIC SPRAYS garlic oil/extract Creates a snail proof barrier around plants, pots, paths and garden furniture Certain ornamentals, fruit, vegetables Slugs & snails certain species Insecticide aphids, thrips, etc 236 Snails and slugs
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds contd When is best for the snail species in your area If using sprays of any kind when you want to bait, apply the spray first, wait for it to dry then apply the baits so they are not tainted by the spray. – Timing. is the critical and will depend on the region/crop. Considerations include: Aim to have a reduced snail and slug populations at beginning of the growing season before planting seedlings or crops emerge. Seek advice on the most effective time, eg spring or autumn etc, and understand why. Bait when snails and slugs are likely to be hungry, before they get a chance to lay their eggs, when there is little feed to compete with baits, when rainfall is unlikely to reduce the life of baits. Apply baits when snails or slugs are active during cool, damp weather, thunder storms in summer, or after irrigation; when damage is first appears. Sprays. May be used if snails or slugs are feeding on tree foliage or high above ground, and if pest species do not consume baits, eg white bradybaena snail (Bradybaena similaris) in areas of NSW and SA. – Timing. Sprays are most effective if applied when snails and slugs are active, ie early in the morning. – Mesurol sprays are restricted pesticides. They have a long withholding period when used on fruit crops. Follow label directions for use. – Copper products registered for snail control act primarily as repellents but may kill young snails and slugs if they are actively feeding at the time of spraying. Copper sprays can burn fruit and cause fruit drop especially in hot weather. – Various home made sprays may repel snails but some, eg wormwood, are not recommended for vegetables that are going to be eaten soon after. Table 48. Molluscicide safety. SPRAYS. BAITS. Baits are hazardous to children and domestic pets. Use commercial bait traps to reduce hazards and protect baits from moisture Poison Information Centre 131126 or seek Medical Advice SIGNAL HEADINGS Observe withholding periods, rates, store away from children and pets USE SPRAYS OR AEROSOLS. Where there is a danger to children, dogs and other animals from baits. IF USING BAITS. Apply and scatter pellets, granules and powders according to label directions. Packet ‘openings’ can make this difficult. Do not overtreat or pile baits into heaps. Granules can be easier to scatter than pellets. Scatter any accidentally spilled heaps. Apply bait in evening and reapply as it is consumed. Pellets can be placed inside a pet-safe pellet holder. Bittering agents. Certain baits must be formulated with a bittering agent, eg Bitrex TM which acts as a taste deterrent to discourage children and pets from eating it, but some pets may still find the bait attractive and eat it. The bittering agent does not affect their attractiveness to snails and slugs. Smell repellents. Baits may also contain a smell repellent, eg PetRepel TM . Children, dogs and other pets can be accidentally poisoned by eating baits. Snail and slug baits contain cereal, eg wheat, bran, protein materials, casein, which is attractive to snails, slugs, dogs and other pets. Dogs particularly seem to be attracted to these materials and so can consume large quantities of bait if it is left around in heaps. Watch pets carefully after pellets are spread if there is any sign of eating pellets remove pellets and clean up. If in doubt contact your vet. Toxic to bluetongue lizards. Oral toxicity to children. Snail baits, depending on their active constituent, vary in toxicity. If bait has been eaten by a child, immediately contact the Poison Information Centre or seek medical advice. Some molluscicides may be absorbed through the skin and so must not be handled with the bare hands. Brown/beige metaldehyde pellets, the colour of fowl feed may be available. Lock packets of snail baits securely away from children and pets. Prevent access to treated area. Pellets, granules and powders of these products registered for use usually have the following signal headings (in order of decreasing hazard): Snails and slugs 237
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Insect secretions PLANT PROTECTION
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Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds