PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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c PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES By the end of this topic, you should be able to do the following: 1. List the parasitic and non-parasitic causes of plant problems. 2. List distinctive features of the Phylum Arthropoda (Insects & Allied Pests). 3. List the distinctive features of the following members of the Phylum Arthropoda: Insects Spiders Slaters Mites Millipedes Springtails Centipedes 4. Be able to identify, draw and know the function of the following external parts of an adult insect: Head Thorax Abdomen 5. Draw diagrammatically the 3 types of insect life cycles. Name 1 example of each. 6. Describe how insects grow. 7. Recognize by sight, 4 common types of larvae. Name 1 example of each. 8. Explain 3 common types of host range. Name 1 example of each. 9. Describe 3 ways that insects may feed on plants and cause damage. Name 1 example of each. 10. Recognize by observation, 3 examples of direct and indirect damage to plants. 11. Describe 5 ways by which insects overwinter/ oversummer. Name 1 example of each. 12. Describe 4 ways in which insects may spread. Name 1 example of each. 13. Describe 3 conditions favouring insect development. Name 1 example of each. 14. List and describe the 7 steps in IPM. 15. List 8 control methods for insect pests of plants. Describe 1 example of each. 16. Name the 3 main requirements of the Organic and Biodynamic Products domestic standard to be met by growers wishing to label their products ‘organic’ or ‘biodynamic’. 17. Explain the meaning of the following terms as they apply to the mode of action of insecticides and name 1 example of each: Non-systemic and systemic Selective and non-selective Contact, stomach and fumigant action 18. Explain why insecticides must be applied at the correct time. Describe 2 examples. 19. Provide the active constituent, some trade names, mode of action and some uses for selected insecticides/miticides in the following groups: Mode of action groups: Group 1A Group 1B Group 3A Group 4A Group 11 Others: Spray oils Soap sprays Pheromones Food attractants Bio-insecticides One of your own choice 20. Select 2 commercial insecticide/miticides, indicate how you know which resistance group they belong to and how you would use them to prevent the development of resistance. 21. Classification. List the main features of insects used to classify them into orders. 21.1. List the 10 most important pest and beneficial insect orders from a horticultural point of view. 21.2. List those with a complete metamorphosis and those with an incomplete (gradual) metamorphosis. 21.3. Fill in the following summary pages for Insects & Allied Pests (pages 217-223). 22. For each order. of insects and allied pests (springtails, mites, spiders, slaters and millipedes), be able to do the following: 22.1. List the key distinctive features of adults and larvae/nymphs. 22.2. Draw the life cycle diagrammatically. 22.3. Name the stage(s) which cause(s) plant damage, how they feed and the types of direct and indirect damage caused. Name 1 example of each type of damage. 22.4. Recognize by sight, local pest species (if applicable). 22.5. Recognize by sight, local beneficial species (if applicable). 22.6. Recognize by sight, damage caused by local pest species. 22.7. Describe State/Territory/Commonwealth legislation providing for the control of local pest species. 22.8. Provide the following information for selected local pest species: Common name Host range Description & damage Diagnostics Pest cycle ‘Overwintering’ Spread Conditions favouring IPM and Control 22.9. Prepare/access an IPM. program for an insect or mite pest at your work or in your region. 23. Diagnostics. 23.1. Distinguish between damage caused to leaves by selected chewing insects, eg caterpillars, leafeating beetles and weevils, and sawflies on selected plants. 23.2. Distinguish between damage caused to leaves by selected sucking insects, eg lace bugs, leafhoppers, mites, thrips and whiteflies on selected plants. 23.3.Where would you obtain advice and information on the identification of insects and allied pests. 24. Locate resource material. and know where to obtain advice on how to control local pest species. 216 Insects and allied pests - Review questions and activities
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES (contd) SUMMARY OF INSECT ORDERS INSECT ORDER Common names of members DIPTERA Flies LEPIDOPTERA Butterflies Moths COLEOPTERA Beetles Weevils DISTINGUISHING FEATURES Life cycle Damaging stages & method of feeding ADULT Wings Eyes Mouth LARVA Names Legs Other LIFE CYCLE DAMAGING STAGES & METHOD OF FEEDING ADULT Flight Colour Antennae Wings Mouth LARVA Names Legs Mouth LIFE CYCLE DAMAGING STAGES & METHOD OF FEEDING ADULT Flight Body Head Antennae Mouth LARVA Names Body Legs Head Mouth LIFE CYCLE DAMAGING STAGES & METHOD OF FEEDING PLANT DAMAGE (not exhaustive) DIRECT FEEDING DAMAGE Leaves Galls eg Leafmining eg Fruit Maggot damage eg Stems Borers eg Galls eg Bulbs Maggot damage eg INDIRECT DAMAGE Introduction of decay organisms eg Disfigurement eg BENEFICIAL DIPTERA DIRECT FEEDING DAMAGE Leaves Leaves eaten eg Leafmining eg Skeletonization eg Flowers, Chewing damage eg buds Fruit ‘Worm’ damage eg Surface chewing eg Stems, Borers eg bark Seedlings, Chewing damage eg shoots INDIRECT DAMAGE Frass eg Formation of structures eg Introduction of decay organisms eg DIRECT FEEDING DAMAGE Leaves Eaten eg Leafmining eg Skeletonization eg Flowers, Chewing damage eg buds Fruit, Chewing damage eg seed Stems, Bark eg bark Borers eg Surface chewers eg Roots, Gouging eg tubers INDIRECT DAMAGE Transmit diseases eg BENEFICIAL COLEOPTERA Insects and allied pests - Review questions and activities 217
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Insect secretions PLANT PROTECTION
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Control methods Cultural methods.
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Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
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