PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds
PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds
PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds
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<strong>PLANT</strong> <strong>PROTECTION</strong> 1 – <strong>Pests</strong>, <strong>Diseases</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Weeds</strong><br />
Table 2. Insecticide Mode of Action Groups (2009) some examples<br />
MAIN MODE OF<br />
ACTION GROUP<br />
<strong>and</strong><br />
Primary Site of<br />
Action<br />
11<br />
Microbial disruptors<br />
of insect midgut<br />
membranes<br />
(includes transgenic<br />
crops expressing Bt<br />
toxins)<br />
BIOLOGICAL<br />
INSECTICIDES<br />
12<br />
Inhibitors of<br />
mitochondrial ATP<br />
synase)<br />
Energy metabolism<br />
CHEMICAL<br />
SUBGROUP or<br />
Exemplifying<br />
Active<br />
constituent<br />
Bacillus<br />
thuringiensis<br />
or<br />
B. sphaericus<br />
<strong>and</strong> the<br />
insecticidal<br />
proteins they<br />
produce<br />
12A<br />
Diafenthiuron<br />
12B<br />
Organotin<br />
miticides<br />
12C<br />
Propargite<br />
12D<br />
Tetradifon<br />
THE PRODUCT<br />
Trade name<br />
Active constituent<br />
AQUABAC,VECTOBAC,<br />
VARIOUS<br />
Bt. subsp. israelensis<br />
VECTOLEX<br />
Bacillus sphaericus<br />
XENTARI<br />
Bt. subsp. aizawai<br />
COSTAR, DIPEL,<br />
DELFIN, VARIOUS<br />
Bt. subsp. kurstaki<br />
NOVODOR<br />
Bt. subsp. tenebrionis<br />
TRANSGENIC CROPS<br />
Bt. crop proteins:<br />
Cry1AcCry2Ab<br />
PEGASUS<br />
diafenthiuron<br />
TORQUE<br />
fenbutatin-oxide<br />
OMITE<br />
propargite (cyclosulfine)<br />
MASTA-MITE<br />
tetradifon (formulated<br />
with dicofol)<br />
Mode of action<br />
Stomach action<br />
Stomach action<br />
Stomach action<br />
young caterpillars<br />
stop feeding,<br />
starve to death,<br />
slow acting<br />
Stomach action<br />
young caterpillars<br />
stop feeding,<br />
starve to death,<br />
slow acting<br />
Stomach action<br />
Mite growth<br />
regulator<br />
Non-systemic<br />
Contact action<br />
Stomach action<br />
Effective against all<br />
stages of mite<br />
Non-systemic<br />
Contact action<br />
only motile forms,<br />
no ovicidal activity,<br />
not toxic to most<br />
beneficial mites<br />
Non-systemic<br />
Contact action<br />
motile stages only<br />
Non-systemic<br />
Contact action<br />
All stages of mites<br />
SOME USES<br />
Read label, obtain advice from company<br />
CROPS, SITES<br />
TREATED<br />
Salt marshes, still<br />
water, waste water<br />
Salt marshes, still<br />
water, waste water<br />
Cole crops<br />
(cabbage,<br />
cauliflower,<br />
broccoli, Brussel<br />
sprouts)<br />
Ornamentals,<br />
cotton, vegetables,<br />
vines, fruit trees,<br />
field crops,<br />
forestry, turf<br />
elms,<br />
experimentally on<br />
eucalypt<br />
Cotton<br />
Certain<br />
ornamentals, fruit &<br />
hops<br />
Ornamentals,<br />
fruit, vegetables,<br />
Certain fruit trees,<br />
vegetables,<br />
ornamentals<br />
PESTS CONTROLLED,<br />
SUPPRESSED<br />
Narrow spectrum<br />
larvae of mosquitoes<br />
Narrow spectrum<br />
larvae of mosquitoes<br />
Narrow spectrum<br />
cabbage moth, cabbage<br />
white butterfly, cabbagecentre<br />
grub, cabbage<br />
cluster caterpillar<br />
Narrow spectrum<br />
leafeating caterpillars of<br />
Helicoverpa spp., &<br />
certain other moths &<br />
butterflies<br />
Narrow spectrum<br />
various chrysomelid &<br />
tenebrionid beetles, eg<br />
elm leaf beetle<br />
Narrow spectrum<br />
Insecticide<br />
cotton aphid, suppresses<br />
silver leaf whitefly<br />
Miticide<br />
twospotted mite<br />
Miticide<br />
twospotted mite,<br />
European red mite,<br />
bryobia mite, citrus<br />
mites, etc<br />
Miticide<br />
spider mites,<br />
European red mite,<br />
passionvine mite,<br />
false spider mites<br />
Miticide<br />
certain mites<br />
13<br />
Uncoupler of oxidative<br />
phosphorylation via<br />
disruption of the proton<br />
gradient<br />
Energy metabolism<br />
Chlorfenapyr<br />
14 No registered<br />
Nicotinic acetyl-choline actives<br />
receptor chanel blockers<br />
Nerve action<br />
15<br />
Inhibitors of chitin<br />
biosynthesis, type 0,<br />
Lepidopteran<br />
Grow regulation<br />
16<br />
Inhibitors of chitin<br />
biosynthesis type 1<br />
Homopteran<br />
Grow regulation<br />
17<br />
Moulting disruptor,<br />
Dipteran<br />
Grow regulation<br />
18<br />
Ecdysone receptor<br />
agonists<br />
Grow regulation<br />
INTREPID, SECURE<br />
chlorfenapyr<br />
No registered actives<br />
Benzoylureas ALSYSTIN<br />
triflumuron<br />
Buprofenzin<br />
Cyromazine<br />
Diacylhydra<br />
zines<br />
APPLAUD<br />
buprofezin<br />
(adult insects not<br />
controlled, no effective<br />
on eggs, persists long<br />
time)<br />
VETRAZIN, VARIOUS<br />
cyromazine<br />
PRODIGY<br />
methoxyfenoxide<br />
Stomach action<br />
More effective<br />
against small larvae<br />
(< 4 mm), may be<br />
highly persistent<br />
Stomach action<br />
Larvicide interferes<br />
with insect<br />
moulting (chitin<br />
formation)<br />
Insect growth<br />
regulator (IGR)<br />
Contact action<br />
Stomach action<br />
(treated insects<br />
lay sterile eggs)<br />
Contact action<br />
larvicide<br />
Stomach action<br />
Contact action<br />
(accelerates<br />
moulting, feeding<br />
ceases almost<br />
immediately)<br />
Cotton, brassica<br />
vegetables, apples<br />
peaches, pears<br />
Mushroom<br />
casing/compost;<br />
many other<br />
situations<br />
Citrus, grapes,<br />
pears, mango,<br />
persimmons,<br />
custard apple,<br />
passionfruit<br />
Sheep, animal<br />
housing, feedlots,<br />
poultry manure<br />
Pome fruit,<br />
certain other<br />
fruits <strong>and</strong> crops<br />
Insecticide<br />
bollworms (Helicoverpa<br />
spp.), cabbage white<br />
butterfly, diamond back<br />
moth<br />
Miticide<br />
twospotted mite<br />
Broad spectrum<br />
larvae of sciarid flies<br />
& other insects<br />
Narrow spectrum<br />
Hemiptera, eg<br />
mealybugs, scales, not<br />
Lepidoptera, Diptera.<br />
Hymenoptera<br />
Narrow spectrum<br />
larvae of many flies<br />
Narrow spectrum<br />
lightbrown apple moth<br />
<strong>and</strong> other Lepidoptera<br />
caterpillars<br />
Insects <strong>and</strong> allied pests - Integrated pest management 59