PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds

PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds
LIST OF SOME
FUNGAL DISEASES
(contd)
Hyphae
Not known
in Australia
Not known
in Australia
Not known
in Australia
Not known
in Australia
Other moulds (white,
yellow green or orange)
may also grow on surface
of potting mixes
containing sawdust or
bark; the fungus may
grow into the mix
Wood rot
fruiting bodies
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME HOST RANGE
(not exhaustive)
PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA (Basidiomycetes)
1. Mycelium is well developed, hyphae with cross walls.
2. Sexual spores are thin walled basidiospores produced externally on clublike,
1-4 celled basidium., eg azalea leaf gall or in special fruiting bodies, eg
mushrooms, or in a variety of other ways, eg rusts and smuts. Some produce
additional sexual spores, eg rusts.
3. Asexual spores (conidia and oidia) similar to the Ascomycota are
sometimes produced. The rusts produce a variety of additional asexual spores,
eg urediniospores.
COLLAR, ROOT AND STEM ROTS
Armillaria root rot Armillaria spp. Wide range of trees and shrubs
Rhizoctonia rot,
damping off
Rhizoctonia solani
= Thanatephorus
Wide range of weeds,
vegetables, ornamentals
Sclerotium stem rot,
damping off
Sclerotium rolfsii
= Athelia
Wide range of weeds,
vegetables, ornamentals
GALLS
Azalea leaf gall
Camellia leaf gall
RUSTS
Exobasidium japonicum
E. gracile
Many genera, eg
Phragmidium mucronatum
Puccinia antirrhini
P. chrysanthemi
P. horiana (white rust)
P. malvacearum
Azalea
Camellia sasanqua
Usually host specific
Rose
Antirrhinum
Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum
Hollyhock, other Malvaceae
P. haemodori Kangaroo paw, Conostylis,
Haemodorum, Macropidia
Sunflower rust P. helianthi Sunflower
Wheat stem rust P. graminis f. sp. tritici Wheat
Guava rust
P. psidii (threat to Australian Myrtaceae, eg guava, eucalypt,
environment and economy) Callistemon, Melaleuca, Syzygium, etc;
Heteropyxideae eg Heteropyxis
Myrtle rust Uredo rangelii) Myrtaceae, eg Agonis flexuosa,
Syncarpia, Callistemon
Prune rust
Tranzschelia discolor,
P. pruni
Stone fruits, especially
prunes
Coffee rust Hemileia vastatrix Coffee
Bean rust Uromyces appendiculatus Beans
Gall rusts
Uromycladium spp.
Acacia spp.
Western gall rust Endocronartium harknessii 5-needle pines, eg radiata pine
(Pinus radiata)
White pine blister rust Cronartium ribicola 3-needle pines, eg eastern
white pine (P. strobus)
SAPROPHYTIC FUNGI
Cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus Non-parasitic, grows on soil
organic matter, compost.
Mushrooms/toadstools Various species Potting mixes, the fungus
Fairy rings
SMUTS
Marasmius oreades
Many other genera
grow on sawdust or bark.
Grow on organic matter in
the soil in turf, pasture
Many genera
Usually host specific
Anther smut Ustilago violacea Carnation 'Mandy'
Boil smut
Covered smut
Loose smut
Smut
Onion smut
White smut
U. zeae
U. segentum var. hordei
U. avenae
U. cynodontis
Urocystis cepulae
Entyloma dahliae
Corn, maize
Oats
Oats
Couch
Onions
Dahlia
WOOD ROTS
Heart rot
Yellowish wood rot
Pink limb blight
Red wood rot
Many other species,
Schizophyllum commune
Trametes versicolor
Corticium salmonicolor
Pycnoporus coccineus
Fomes, Phellinus, Poria,
Ganoderma, Peniophora
Most have a wide host range
322 Fungal diseases - Biology, identification and classification