PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds

PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds
PLANT
DAMAGE
DIRECT FEEDING DAMAGE.
Larvae (maggots) are responsible for most plant damage.
LEAVES Leafmining, eg pittosporum leafminer, cineraria leafminer
Galls, eg chrysanthemum gall midge
FRUIT
STEMS
BULBS
Maggot damage, eg fruit fly, ferment fly,
metallic-green tomato fly
Galls, eg chrysanthemum gall midge
Borers, eg bean fly
Maggot damage, eg bulb flies
INDIRECT DAMAGE.
During feeding, fruit fly maggots introduce decay organisms, eg bacteria
and fungi, causing fruit rots.
Fruit may be disfigured by the egg laying of female fruit flies (‘stings’).
INJURIOUS HAIRS/BRISTLES, etc.
Some flies are blood suckers, eg mosquitoes, and are pests of humans
and animals.
LIST OF SOME
SPECIES
Do not confuse
with fruit flies
Major fruit fly pests of
commercial fruit.
(many minor or non-pest
species commonly
found in traps)
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME HOST RANGE (maggots)
(not exhaustive)
FERMENT FLIES (Family Drosophilidae)
Ferment fly, vinegar fly Drosophila spp. Associated with decaying
fruit, etc. Used in genetics
FRUIT FLIES (Family Tephritidae)
Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly Ceratitis capitata Fruit in WA
Queensland fruit fly (QFF) Bactrocera tryoni Fruit in Qld, NSW, Vic
Lesser Queensland fruit
fly
B. neohumeralis Most commercial and many
native fruit, Qld, north NSW
Cucumber fly
B. cucumis
Cucurbits, tomato (Qld, NSW)
Jarvis’s fruit fly
B. jarvisi
Fruit (Northern Australia, Qld, NSW)
Banana fruit fly
Mango fly
B. musae
B. frauenfeldi
Banana, papaya, quince, Qld
Banana, mango, citrus, guava
Some destructive Malaysian fruit fly B. latifrons Malaysia, Solanaceous crops
fruit flies Melon fly B. cucurbitae PNG, serious vegetable pest
overseas not
Asian papaya fruit fly B. papayae PNG, northern Torres Strait
Australia
Eradicated from Qld in 1999
Fruit fly monitoring Carambola fruit fly B. carambolae Sumbawa, Indonesia
Oriental fruit fly B. dorsalis complex Vietnam, destructive pest of fruit
currently present in
is carried out in far north
Queensland and the
Torres Strait, WA, etc
Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens Central & south America, USA,
Canada. Citrus, mango, etc
Natal fruit fly Ceratitis (Pterandrus rosa) Africa, Indian ocean, many fruit
New Guinea fruit fly B. trivialis PNG (Western Province)
Philippines fruit fly B. philippinensis Philippines. Commercial fruit.
Eradicated from Darwin, 1999
Breadfruit fly, jackfruit fly B. umbrosa Torres Strait, PNG, Indonesia,
detected in traps in NT
GALL MIDGES (Family Cecidomyiidae)
Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum gall
midge
Sorghum midge
Citrus blossom midge
Wattle gall fly
Rhopalomyia
chrysanthemi
Contarinia sorghicola
Cecidomya sp.
C. acaciae- longifolia
Serious pest of sorghum
Citrus flowers
Wattle
Eucalyptus gall midge Harmomyia omalanthi Eucalypt
Mushroom white cecid Heteropeza pygmaea Mushrooms
66 Insects and allied pests - Diptera (flies)