PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds Table 2. Insecticide Mode of Action Groups (2009) some examples MAIN MODE OF ACTION GROUP and Primary Site of Action 19 Octopamine receptor agonists Nerve action 20 Mitchondrial complex 111 electron transport inhibitors (coupling site 11) Energy metabolism 21A Mitchondrial complex 1 electron transport inhibitors Energy metabolism 22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers Nerve action 23 Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxalase Lipid synthesis, growth regulation CHEMICAL SUBGROUP or Exemplifying Active constituent Amitraz 20A Hydramethylnon 20B No registered actives 20C No registered actives 21A METI acaricides 21B Rotenone 22A Indoxacarb 22B No registered actives No registered actives 24 24A Mitochondrial Phosphine complex IV electron transport inhibitors Energy metabolism 24B 25 Vacant 26 Vacant 27 Vacant 28 Ryanodine receptor modulators Nerve & muscle action UN Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action 1 Diamides Azadirachtin Eco-neem is a BFA CERTIFIED PRODUCT FOR ORGANIC GARDENS Bifenazate Dicofol Trade name Active constituent AMITRAZ, OPAL, VARIOUS amitraz AMDRO hydramethylnon Professional pest control operators No registered actives No registered actives PYRANICA tebufenpyrad SANMITE pyridaben DERRIS DUST rotenone (found in roots of 63 species of legumes) STEWARD, AVATAR, VARIOUS indoxacarb No registered actives No registered actives THE PRODUCT VARIOUS phosphine aluminium phosphate magnesium phosphate No registered actives ACELEPRYN, ALTACOR, CORAGEN chlorantraniliprole (branded as RynaXypyr ) AZAMAX, ECO-NEEM, NEEMAZAL azadirachtin (seeds of Azadirachta indica) (see Fumafert pages 267, 344) ACRAMITE, FLORAMITE bifenazate KELTHANE dicofol Mode of action Non-systemic Contact action Vapour action Repellent action, all stages of mites, ovicidal Stomach action Non-systemic Contact action stomach action effective against all mite stages Non-systemic all stages of mites, good residual activity Non-systemic Contact action stomach action very toxic to fish Non-systemic Contact action stomach action see Fumigants page 267 Stomach action Translaminar activitiy Stomach action Contact action slightly trans-laminar, Inhibits larval moulting, repellent & antifeedant Non-systemic Contact action Non-systemic Contact action Eggs, motile stages. Long residual 60 Insects and allied pests - Integrated pest management SOME USES Read label, obtain advice from company CROPS, SITES TREATED Cotton; cattle, deer, goats, pigs, sheep Non-crop, residential & commercial buildings, turf, gardens Apples, pears. peaches, ornamentals Apple, pear, stone fruit, grapes, bananas, roses Ornamentals, vegetables, vines Cotton, certain vegetables, field crops; buildings Vegetables, pome & stone fruit, grapes, turf (good control of turf pests) Ornamentals, floriculture, potting soil for floriculture & horticulture Do not use on plants that produce food for human or animal consumption Pome & stone fruits Certain ornamentals, fruits, vegetables, field crops PESTS CONTROLLED, SUPPRESSED Insecticide Helicoverpa on cotton Miticide ticks on animals Insecticide ants, cockroaches Miticide twospotted mites, European red mite Miticide certain mites Broad spectrum aphids, thrips, caterpillars, mostly home garden use Narrow spectrum Helicoverpa spp., certain other insects; also cockroaches Narrow spectrum certain Lepidopteran caterpillars, eg codling moth, certain beetles, eg African black beetle Broad spectrum certain aphids, whiteflies, fungus gnats, twospotted mite Miticide twopotted mite, bryobia mite, European red mite Miticide organo-phosphate resistant mites, no insecticide activity 1 A compound with an unknown or controversial mode of action or an unknown mode of toxicity will be held in group ‘un’ until evidence becomes available to enable that compound to be assigned to amore appropriate mode of action group
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds Table 3. Bio-insecticides, spray oils, soaps, pheromones, etc. (some are agricultural biological products) THE PRODUCT SOME USES TYPE Read label, obtain advice from company Trade name Mode of action CROPS, SITES PESTS BIO- INSECTICIDES SPRAY OILS Petroleum oils Active constituent BIOCANE GRANULES Metarhizium sp. GREEN GUARD Metarhizium sp. Nematode Beddingia siricidicola Nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Nematode Heterorhabditis zealandica Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae Nematode Steinernema feltiae GEMSTAR Helicoverpa NPV (zea) WINTER OIL, DORMANT OIL, STIFLE, VARIOUS petroleum oil Fungal disease of insects as above Nematode disease of insects TREATED crop Agricultural areas, pastures, crops, forage crops, non-crop areas Pinus radiata. CONTROLLED Selective insecticide greyback canegrub Selective insecticide grasshopper, locusts Selective insecticide sirex wasp as above Ornamentals Selective insecticide black vine weevil as above Turf Insecticide Argentine stem weevil, African black beetle, black-headed cockchafer, Argentine scarab, bill bug as above Bananas, etc Insecticide banana borer weevil, cutworm, armyworm, house termites, cat flea as above Virus disease of Helicoverpa spp. Contact action Smothers pests Currants; seedlings, hydroponically grown flowers, mushroom houses Various crops including cotton Used only on dormant deciduous pome and stone fruit tree & vines Insecticide currant borer moth, fungus gnat, mushroom fly, western flower thrips Selective insecticide Helicoverpa spp. Insecticide especially scale insects & insects Paraffinic oils s SUMMER OIL, PEST OIL, WHITE OIL, VARIOUS petroleum oil BIOPEST, ECOPEST OIL, VARIOUS paraffinic oil paraffinic oils must contain at least 62% paraffinic chains BioPest Paraffin Oil Contact action Smothers pests Contact action Smothers pests . Used on plants in foliage. Certain fruit, ornamentals, special oils developed for some crops, bananas, citrus, grapes Used on plants in foliage. Fruit trees, eg citrus, pome fruit & stone fruit, grapes, certain vegetables, field crops roses, ornamentals Insecticide/Miticide/ especially scale insects, mites, citrus leafminer, also aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies Fungicide certain banana diseases & powdery mildews Insecticide/Miticide/ mites, scales, citrus leafminer, also aphids, mealybugs, whtieflies Fungicide certain banana diseases & powdery mildew Botanical oils, vegetable oils Oil seeds, eg soybean, canola, cotton ECO-OIL, VARIOUS botanical oils Contact action suffocates pests, waxy cuticle is denatured dehydrating insects, repellent activity Used on plants in foliage. Certain ornamentals, fruits, vegetables Insecticide/Miticide/ scales, mites, aphids, whiteflies, citrus leafminer OILS ARE USED AS: 1.Spray oils for pest control are mixed with water and applied to plants as a high volume spray for managing certain pests and diseases. They kill insects by smothering them so a good film of oil has to be applied to leaves, fruit, twigs and branches. Some insects avoid spray oils so that feeding by some sap-sucking insects, eg aphids, which spread virus diseases, is reduced; spray oils can also inhibit viruses spread mechanically by humans. They can provide some control of leaf spots, powdery mildews, rust diseases. Spray oils are suited to IPM programs. 2.Spray adjuvants/spray additives to improve the effectiveness of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides (page 455). Some spray oils used for pest control are also used as spray additives. SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS: 1.How safe will it be to the plant and environment, eg dormant or winter (only applied when plants are dormant), summer or white (may be applied when in leaf), superior oils (applied year round without toxicity). 2.How effective it will be in helping control sedentary or semi-sedentary pests and fungal diseases. Paraffinic oils are effective and considered to be superior over vegetable, pine and other mineral oils for controlling a rage of pests and diseases (Sacoa www.sacoa.com.au/) 3.For more information on spray oils: Beattie and Hardy 2005, Walsh et al. 2008 Precision Spray Oils www.caltex.com.au/cropprotection/ SACOA Spray Oils www.sacoa.com.au Insects and allied pests - Integrated pest management 61
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Control methods Cultural methods.
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Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds