PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds
PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds
PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds
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<strong>PLANT</strong> <strong>PROTECTION</strong> 1 – <strong>Pests</strong>, <strong>Diseases</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Weeds</strong><br />
EXAMPLES OF WEED SITUATIONS<br />
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Adjuvants (spray additives)<br />
An adjuvant is broadly defined by the APVMA as ‘any substance (other than water) that is added to an<br />
agricultural chemical product to alter its physico-chemical properties <strong>and</strong>/or improve its efficacy’.<br />
They are added to pesticides prior to application mainly to improve their effectiveness, eg spreaders <strong>and</strong> stickers<br />
to improve spray coverage, <strong>and</strong>/or plant safety, eg compatibility or to reduce drift.<br />
Most spray additives are of low hazard but some may damage the environment, eg fish; others may damage<br />
crops under some conditions.<br />
Always check sequence of sprays <strong>and</strong> their compatibility with pesticide(s) being applied.<br />
Many are for use with particular products only, eg Nufarm Bonus (alkyl ethoxy phosphate trolamine salt) for<br />
use with Nufarm Credit Broadacre herbicide; Trilogy (octyl phenol ethoxylate) to enhance glyphosate<br />
performance on grasses in cold environments; Hydrogel spray additive for diquat which causes the mix to<br />
submerge <strong>and</strong> attach to the target submerged aquatic weeds.<br />
Guides available online include Underst<strong>and</strong>ing Spray Oils <strong>and</strong> Adjuvants, Herbicide Adjuvant Guides.<br />
Companies may specialize in adjuvants, eg SACOA www.sacoa.com.au/, SST Australia www.sstaustralia.com<br />
Adjuvants are listed under product type on PubCris on the APVMA website www.apvma.gov.au/<br />
Table 74. Adjuvants, spray additives. - some examples.<br />
TYPE<br />
GENERAL SPREADERS<br />
AND STICKERS<br />
Petroleum oils<br />
Paraffinic oils<br />
Botanical oils,<br />
vegetable oils<br />
STICKING AGENTS<br />
ANTI-DRIFT AGENTS<br />
ANTI-EVAPORANTS<br />
BUFFERING AGENTS<br />
SPREADING AGENTS<br />
CLEANING AGENTS<br />
COMPATIBILITY<br />
DEFOAMERS<br />
PENETRANTS<br />
SYNERGISTS<br />
THE PRODUCT<br />
Trade name<br />
Active constituent<br />
AGRAL spray surfactant, VARIOUS<br />
nonylphenol ethylene oxide non-ionic<br />
organic surfactant<br />
WETTER TX<br />
octyl phenol ethoxylate<br />
SACOA WETTA 1000<br />
non-ionic ethoxylates<br />
D-C-TRATE, TRYCOL, VARIOUS<br />
petroleum oil<br />
TALISMAN, TRIBUTE,<br />
SOME USES<br />
Read label, obtain advice from company<br />
For use with horticultural insecticides, fungicides <strong>and</strong><br />
herbicides<br />
A special purpose non-ionic surfactant for use with the<br />
Roundup family of herbicides.<br />
For use as a bio-degradable wetting <strong>and</strong> spreading agent. A<br />
spray for use with knockdown <strong>and</strong> residual herbicides.<br />
Used on a range of crops with insecticides <strong>and</strong> herbicides.<br />
To enhance the performance of certain herbicides.<br />
petroleum oil/non-ionic polyethylated surfactants<br />
BIOPEST<br />
May be used with certain fungicides, insecticides,<br />
paraffinic oils<br />
herbicides to improve wetting <strong>and</strong> penetration.<br />
SYNERTROL OILS<br />
botanical oils/vegetable oils<br />
CODACIDE<br />
rape seed oil (canola)<br />
SPRAYFAST<br />
di-1-p-menthane<br />
DRIFTEX, VARIOUS<br />
refined canola oil<br />
ANTIEVAP, RULVAPRON<br />
petroleum oil<br />
SPRAYBUFF, PROBUFF<br />
soyal phospholipids acid/propionic acid<br />
HYGRO-STIC STICKER SPREADER<br />
di-1-p-menthene<br />
KOMPLETE KLEEN<br />
4% available chlorine<br />
TANK & EQUIPMENT CLEANER<br />
sodium triolyphosate + detergents<br />
STEADFAST<br />
alkylaryl polyoxyethylene glycol phosphate ester<br />
FLOWRIGHT COMPATIBILITY AGENT<br />
blend of fatty acid triglycerides<br />
ACTIVATOR<br />
non-ionic surfactants<br />
PULSE, BREAK-THRU GOLD PENETRANT<br />
polyether modified polysiloxane<br />
LIASE, VARIOUS<br />
ammonium sulphate<br />
For addition to most agrochemical, horticultural, foliar<br />
fertilizer <strong>and</strong> micro-nutrient sprays to increase chemical<br />
wetting, spread, penetration <strong>and</strong> rainfastness <strong>and</strong> to reduce<br />
spray drift <strong>and</strong> leaching of soil chemicals.<br />
Can maximize the performance of many plant protection<br />
products; enhances the activity of some insecticides.<br />
For use as a tank mix with some agricultural chemicals to<br />
improve their performance, ie penetration, wetting <strong>and</strong><br />
adhesion, can also be used as an anti-transpirant.<br />
For addition to turf pesticides sprays to reduce spray drift <strong>and</strong><br />
improve rainfastness. An adjuvant added to a spray mixture to<br />
reduce drift.<br />
Anti-evaporant <strong>and</strong> winter spray oil. Used<br />
with insecticides, fungicides, herbicides.<br />
Acidifying <strong>and</strong> penetrating surfactant, reduces alkaline<br />
hydrolysis of dimethoate, assists with uptake of foliar fertilizers,<br />
assist in management of spray droplet size.<br />
Used as a sticker/spreader for agricultural chemicals.<br />
Multipurpose cleaning concentrate for spray equipment.<br />
For cleaning spraying equipment, for decontamination<br />
when changing from one agricultural chemical group to<br />
another, for end of season cleaning before storage.<br />
A compatibility, acidifying <strong>and</strong> surfactant agent .<br />
Used when tank mixing certain herbicides.<br />
Rainfast wetting agent with low foaming qualities, reduces<br />
drift by producing a thick foam. Used to reduce foaming of a<br />
spray mixture due to agitation.<br />
Spray additive for improved penetration of glyphosate <strong>and</strong>/or<br />
metsulfuron methyl herbicides when treating certain brush<br />
<strong>and</strong> woody weeds, eg bracken.<br />
For use with glyphosate-based herbicides to minimize<br />
antagonism when tank mixing with flowable herbicides <strong>and</strong><br />
improve performance under adverse environmental conditions.<br />
<strong>Weeds</strong> - Examples of weed situations 455