PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds

PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
By the end of this topic, you should be able to do
the following:
1. Distinguish between an epiphyte, a hemiparasite
and a true parasite. Name 1 example of
each.
2. Describe how parasitic plants may cause
disease.
3. Recognize by sight, mistletoe and other
local parasitic plants.
4. Provide the following information for
selected local pest species of parasitic plants:
Common name
‘Overwintering’
Scientific name
Spread
Host range
Conditions favouring
Effect and impact
IWM & Control
Life cycle
5. How does knowledge of the life cycle of a
parasitic plant assist with making decisions
about control?
6. Describe non-chemical methods of
controlling pest parasitic plants.
7. List 2 difficulties with using herbicides to
control pest parasitic plants.
8. Prepare/access an IWM. program for a parasitic
flowering plant at your work or in your region.
9. Locate reference material and know where
to obtain advice on the identification and
control (if applicable) of parasitic plants.
SELECTED REFERENCES
Australian Bushfood & Native Medicine Forum
www.bushfood.net/ and
Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) ANPSA
(formerly ASGAP) http://asgap.org.au/ link to
photo gallery
Botanic Gardens www.anbg.gov.au/ and follow the links
to other Botanic Gardens and Arboreta
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (CHAH).
Australian Plant Census www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/
Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS Online
Resources)
www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the
Arts www.environment.gov.au/
Fact Sheets by State/Territory Depts of Primary
Industries, GRDC, Grain-Guard, Hort-Guard, RIRDC,
Wild Life Notes, Farmer Alert and Landcare Groups
are available online, eg
Broomrape
Dodder
Mistletoes
Keys
Lucid keys www.lucidcentral.com/
Declared Plants of Australia
Quarantine
Commonwealth quarantine www.daff.gov.au/aqis
PaDIL - Pests and Diseases Image Library of diagnostic
photographs and information on more than 1000
pests and more than 100 diseases www.padil.gov.au
Target lists of weeds, insects, plant and animal pests and
diseases. www.daff.gov.au and search for target lists
State websites have information of certain parasitic weeds
quarantine restrictions in their states
Herbicides
Pubcris. APVMA. Canberra www.apvma.gov.au
Infopest, Qld www.dpi.qld.gov.au/infopest
HerbiGuide, WA www.herbiguide.com.au/
Croplife Australia www.cropelifeaustralia.org.au/
MSDS www.msds.com.au/
Company websites have labels and MSDSs
State/Territory authorities
General
Agrios, G. N. 2005. Plant Pathology. 4 th edn. Academic
Press, CA.
Auld, B. A. and Medd, E. W. 1987. Weeds : An
Illustrated Botanical Guide to the Weeds of
Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne.
Brown, J. F. and Ogle, H. J. (eds). 1997. Plant
Pathogens and Plant Diseases. Rockvale Pubs,
Armidale, NSW.
Commonwealth of Australia. Flora of Australia. AGPS,
Canberra.
Vol.1 - List of State/Territory/Regional Floras and
Censuses.
Vol.2 - Lauraceae, eg devil's twine.
Vol.22 - Loranthaceae, eg mistletoe.
Vol.30 - Convolvulaceae, eg dodder.
Vol.32 - Scrophulariaceae, eg Western Australian Christmas
tree, witchweed.
Vol.33 - Orobanchaceae, eg broomrape. Santalaceae, eg
native cherries. Viscaceae, eg mistletoe.
Vol.47 – Orchidaceae, eg orchids.
Costermans, L. 2000. Native Trees and Shrubs of South-
Eastern Australia. Reprinted from 1983, revised edn.
Reed New Holland.
Hadlington, P. W. and Johnston, J. A. 1988. Australian
Trees : Their Care and Repair. NSW University
Press, Sydney.
Hasem, A. 2005. A FinalReport Prepared for the Grains
Research and Development Corporation :
Management of Dodder : a New Parasitic Weed in
WA cropping systems. Dept. of Agriculture, WA.
Heide-Jorgensen, H. S. 2008. Parasitic Flowering
Plants. Brill, Leiden. The Netherlands.
Keane, P. J., Kile, G. A., Podge, F. D. and Brown, B. N.
(eds). 2000. Diseases and Pathogens of Eucalypts.
CSIRO Pub., Collingwood, Vic.
McMaugh, J. 1994. What Garden Pest or Disease is
That? Lansdowne Pub., Sydney.
Parsons, W. T. and Cuthbertson, E. G. 2001. Noxious
Weeds of Australia. 2 nd edn. CSIRO, Melbourne.
Press, C. and Graves, J. 1995. Parasitic Plants. Kluwer
Academic Pub., MA, USA.
South New England Landcare. 2008. Methods to
Manage Mistletoe: A Landholder’s Guide.
Armidale, NSW.
Thomas, A. 2001. Misunderstood Mistletoe. Science
Online, 11 Jun 2001.
Wrigley, J. W. and Fagg, M. 2003. Australian Native
Plants. 5 th ed. Reed New Holland, Sydney.
386 Parasitic flowering plants