PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES By the end of this topic, you should be able to do the following: 1. Distinguish between an epiphyte, a hemiparasite and a true parasite. Name 1 example of each. 2. Describe how parasitic plants may cause disease. 3. Recognize by sight, mistletoe and other local parasitic plants. 4. Provide the following information for selected local pest species of parasitic plants: Common name ‘Overwintering’ Scientific name Spread Host range Conditions favouring Effect and impact IWM & Control Life cycle 5. How does knowledge of the life cycle of a parasitic plant assist with making decisions about control? 6. Describe non-chemical methods of controlling pest parasitic plants. 7. List 2 difficulties with using herbicides to control pest parasitic plants. 8. Prepare/access an IWM. program for a parasitic flowering plant at your work or in your region. 9. Locate reference material and know where to obtain advice on the identification and control (if applicable) of parasitic plants. SELECTED REFERENCES Australian Bushfood & Native Medicine Forum www.bushfood.net/ and Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) ANPSA (formerly ASGAP) http://asgap.org.au/ link to photo gallery Botanic Gardens www.anbg.gov.au/ and follow the links to other Botanic Gardens and Arboreta Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (CHAH). Australian Plant Census www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/ Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS Online Resources) www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/ Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts www.environment.gov.au/ Fact Sheets by State/Territory Depts of Primary Industries, GRDC, Grain-Guard, Hort-Guard, RIRDC, Wild Life Notes, Farmer Alert and Landcare Groups are available online, eg Broomrape Dodder Mistletoes Keys Lucid keys www.lucidcentral.com/ Declared Plants of Australia Quarantine Commonwealth quarantine www.daff.gov.au/aqis PaDIL - Pests and Diseases Image Library of diagnostic photographs and information on more than 1000 pests and more than 100 diseases www.padil.gov.au Target lists of weeds, insects, plant and animal pests and diseases. www.daff.gov.au and search for target lists State websites have information of certain parasitic weeds quarantine restrictions in their states Herbicides Pubcris. APVMA. Canberra www.apvma.gov.au Infopest, Qld www.dpi.qld.gov.au/infopest HerbiGuide, WA www.herbiguide.com.au/ Croplife Australia www.cropelifeaustralia.org.au/ MSDS www.msds.com.au/ Company websites have labels and MSDSs State/Territory authorities General Agrios, G. N. 2005. Plant Pathology. 4 th edn. Academic Press, CA. Auld, B. A. and Medd, E. W. 1987. Weeds : An Illustrated Botanical Guide to the Weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne. Brown, J. F. and Ogle, H. J. (eds). 1997. Plant Pathogens and Plant Diseases. Rockvale Pubs, Armidale, NSW. Commonwealth of Australia. Flora of Australia. AGPS, Canberra. Vol.1 - List of State/Territory/Regional Floras and Censuses. Vol.2 - Lauraceae, eg devil's twine. Vol.22 - Loranthaceae, eg mistletoe. Vol.30 - Convolvulaceae, eg dodder. Vol.32 - Scrophulariaceae, eg Western Australian Christmas tree, witchweed. Vol.33 - Orobanchaceae, eg broomrape. Santalaceae, eg native cherries. Viscaceae, eg mistletoe. Vol.47 – Orchidaceae, eg orchids. Costermans, L. 2000. Native Trees and Shrubs of South- Eastern Australia. Reprinted from 1983, revised edn. Reed New Holland. Hadlington, P. W. and Johnston, J. A. 1988. Australian Trees : Their Care and Repair. NSW University Press, Sydney. Hasem, A. 2005. A FinalReport Prepared for the Grains Research and Development Corporation : Management of Dodder : a New Parasitic Weed in WA cropping systems. Dept. of Agriculture, WA. Heide-Jorgensen, H. S. 2008. Parasitic Flowering Plants. Brill, Leiden. The Netherlands. Keane, P. J., Kile, G. A., Podge, F. D. and Brown, B. N. (eds). 2000. Diseases and Pathogens of Eucalypts. CSIRO Pub., Collingwood, Vic. McMaugh, J. 1994. What Garden Pest or Disease is That? Lansdowne Pub., Sydney. Parsons, W. T. and Cuthbertson, E. G. 2001. Noxious Weeds of Australia. 2 nd edn. CSIRO, Melbourne. Press, C. and Graves, J. 1995. Parasitic Plants. Kluwer Academic Pub., MA, USA. South New England Landcare. 2008. Methods to Manage Mistletoe: A Landholder’s Guide. Armidale, NSW. Thomas, A. 2001. Misunderstood Mistletoe. Science Online, 11 Jun 2001. Wrigley, J. W. and Fagg, M. 2003. Australian Native Plants. 5 th ed. Reed New Holland, Sydney. 386 Parasitic flowering plants
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds NON-PARASITIC PESTS AND DISEASES LIVING AGENTS. Fairy rings in turf grow on organic matter in soil. NON-LIVING AGENTS. Environment Seedling on right is elongated due to lack of light CAUSES & DIAGNOSTICS 388 What are non-parasitic pests and diseases? 388 Symptoms and damage 389 Diagnostics 389 Examples of non-parasitic problems 390 Living agents 391 Non-living agents 392 Environment 392 Climate change, Salinity 394 Nutrient deficiencies and toxicities, pesticide injury, acid soil 395 Pollutants, mechanical injuries 396 Genetic abnormalities 397 Delayed effects, spread, conditions favouring 398 INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT (IDM) 399 Control methods 400 Legislation 400 Cultural methods 400 Tolerant varieties 401 Plant quarantine 402 Problem-tested planting material 402 Physical and mechanical methods 402 Pesticides and other chemicals 402 Plant growth regulators (Table 70) 403 Leaf anti-transpirants, soil wetting agents, water storage (Table 71) 405 REVIEW QUESTIONS & ACTIVITIES 407 SELECTED REFERENCES 408 NON-PARASITIC pests and diseases 387
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Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds