PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds PLANT DAMAGE DIRECT SUCKING DAMAGE. LEAVES Blisters, curls, eg grapeleaf blister mite, pearleaf blister mite, SHOOTS walnut blister mite, native eriophyid mites, broad mite Bud mites, eg camellia bud mite Chlorosis (sandy stippling, may turn grayish), eg twospotted mite Defoliation, eg twospotted mite (large populations on many plants) Erineum, eg grapeleaf, pearleaf and walnut blister mites Leaf rolling, eg twospotted mite (on apples) Pigmentation, eg European red mite (bronzing), grapeleaf blister mite (pink) Silvering, eg peach silver mite, earth mites on grasses, etc Witches’ broom, eg lucerne bud mite, native eriophyid mites BULBS, Rotting, eg bulb mite STORED Droppings, odour, eg flour mite PRODUCTS FRUIT Malformation, eg citrus bud mite Russetting, eg citrus rust mite, tomato russet mite STEMS Bronzing, eg tomato russet mite Galls, eg Chrondilla gall mite on skeleton weed (bio-control agent) INDIRECT DAMAGE. Webbing by spider mites. Virus disease transmission (unusual), eg fig mosaic virus. Grass itch mite (Odontacarus australiensis) and scrub typhus mite (Leptotrombidium deliense) suck blood from wild birds and animals, domestic cats and humans causing intense irritation. Varroa mite (Varroa destructor), about the size of a pinhead, is an external parasite of bees. Australia is the last major beekeeping country free from this serious pest of honey bees which weakens and kills honey bee colonies and can also transmit honey bee viruses. LIST OF SOME SPECIES Eriophyid mite Redlegged earth mite COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME HOST RANGE (not exhaustive) ERIOPHYID MITES (Family Eriophyidae) 1. Very small, 0.2 mm in length 2. Elongated, tapered body 3. Only 2 pairs legs located at head 4. Cannot be seen with naked eye and is hard to see with a hand lens Camellia rust mite Citrus rust mite Acaphylla steinwedeni Phyllocoptruta oleivora Citrus bud mite Eriophyes sheldoni Citrus Couch mite E. tenuis Couchgrass mite E. cynodoniensis Hibiscus erineum E. hibisci mite There are more than 1000 species of eriophyid mites which infest plants worldwide; many do little harm to their hosts - a x40 lens is needed to see them Camellia Citrus, esp. oranges, mandarins Bent, couch, kikuyu Bent, couch, kikuyu Malvaceae, eg cotton, Hibiscus spp., eg okra, Rosella Native eriophyid mites Various genera Eucalypt, Angophora, Acacia, Leptospermum Tulip bulb mite, onion mite Aceria tulipae Bulbs (Alliaceae, Liliaceae) Olive bud mite Oxycenus maxwelli Some varieties of olive, entered NSW since 1996 Grapeleaf blister mite Colomerus vitis Grapes Pearleaf blister mite Eriophyes pyri Pear, overseas apple, related plants Walnut blister mite E. tristriatus Walnut Tomato russet mite Aculops lycopersici Tomato, other Solanaceae, eg eggplant, capsicum, petunia, weeds, eg black nightshade EARTH MITES (Family Penthaleidae) 1. Adults 1 mm long. 2. Red legs. 3. No webbing. Blue oat mite Penthaleus major Cereals, pasture Redlegged earth mite Halotydeus destructor Cereals, pasture 200 Insects and allied pests – Mites (Arachnida, Acarina)
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds LIST OF SOME SPECIES (contd) Brown almond mite 1. Nearly 1 mm long 2. Front pair of legs longer than others European red mite 1. Up to 0.5 mm long 2. Four rows of long curved spines on back 3. Eggs distinctive Twospotted mite About 0.5 mm long just visible to the naked eye Not known in Australia Broad mite Adults 0.2 mm long, wider than other mites Not known in Australia Chilean predatory mite Adults 0.7 mm long List of suppliers: www.goodbugs.org.au COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME HOST RANGE (not exhaustive) SPIDER MITES (Family Tetranychidae) SPIDER MITES WHICH DO NOT PRODUCE WEBBING Brown almond mite, bryobia mite Bamboo spider mite Bryobia rubrioculus Schizoteranychus bambusae Deciduous stone trees, hawthorn Bamboo European red mite Panonychus ulmi Deciduous fruit trees, especially apples, ornamental trees and shrubs, eg elm, rose Citrus red mite P. citri One of the world’s worst pests of citrus, also mulberry, hawthorn, etc SPIDER MITES WHICH DO PRODUCE WEBBING Twospotted mite, red spider Bean spider mite Carmine spider mite Banana spider mite Hydrangeaspidermite Oriental spider mite Red spider mite Southern red mite Tetranychus urticae T. ludeni T. cinnabarinus T. lambi T. hydrangeae T. orientalis T. piercei Oligonychus ilicis (smaller than Tetranychus) Variety of crops, ornamental plants As above, beans, cucurbit Wide variety of crops ornamental plants Banana, weeds Hydrangea Citrus Cotton, banana, groundnut, pawpaw Azaleas, camellia, other hosts overseas (SRM) (eradicated) Spruce spider mite O. unungus Conifers, eg fir, juniper, pine, spruce Tea red spider mite O. coffeae Citrus TARSONEMID MITES (Family Tarsonemidae) Broad mite Bulb scale mite Cyclamen mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus Steneotarsonemus laticeps S. pallidus FALSE SPIDER MITES (Family Tenuipalpidae) Passionvine mite Brevipalpus phoenicus Bunch mite B. californicus Privet mite Chilean red spider mite B. obovatus B. chilensis Wide range, ornamentals, fruit, vegetables, weeds are a source of infestation in orchards Amaryllidaceae, eg hippeastrum Strawberry, begonia, cyclamen, African violet, other ornamentals Passionvine Grape, citrus, camelia, tea, fuchsia, hydrangea, other plants Privet, palms, roses, fuchsia, azalea Grapevines STORED PRODUCT MITES (Family Acaridae) Bulb mite Rhizoglyphus echinopus Ornamental and vegetable bulbs Flour mite Acarus siro Broken grain, etc, PREDATORY MITES (Family Phytoseiidae) Chilean predatory Phytoseiulus persimilis Twospotted mite, bean spider mite mite 0.7 mm long Hypoaspis soil dwelling mite Predatory mite Predatory mite Predatory mites Stratiolaelaps miles Typhlodromus occidentalis T. pyri Amblyseius spp. Fungus gnat larvae in potting mixes, Western flower thrips pupae in soil Twospotted mite European red mite Twospotted mite, broad and cyclamen mites, thrips Predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris Some mites and immature thrips Predatory mite (soil-dwelling) Hypoaspis (=Geolaelaps) aculeifer) Bulb mites, thrips and fungus gnats OTHER BENEFICIAL MITES Mites can be used as indicators of the amount of nitrogen or phosphate in soil or the presence of particular minerals. Analysis of the soil mite community could give foresters an idea of the soil chemistry of a plantation. Fungal-feeding mites feed on sooty mould and other fungi, up to 150 can be found on some leaves. In the soil mites, beetles springtails, protozoans, free-living nematodes and earthworms feed on fungi, bacteria, decaying leaves. Insects and allied pests - Mites (Arachnida, Acarina) 201
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Insect secretions PLANT PROTECTION
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Control methods Cultural methods.
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Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds