PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds

PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds
HOW ARE INSECTICIDES ABSORBED BY INSECTS?
CONTACT
ACTION
STOMACH
ACTION
HAS TO PENETRATE THE SKIN, CUTICLE OR FEET.
Contact insecticides are applied
directly onto the insect or to the
area to be protected. Insecticides
with contact action include:
Bugmaster (carbaryl)
Confidor (imidacloprid)
Dursban (chlorpyrifos)
Insegar (fenoxycarb)
Lebaycid (fenthion)
Malathion (maldison)
Mavrik (tau-fluvalinate)
Pirimor (pirimicarb)
Rogor (dimethoate)
Petroleum oils (smothers insects)
Vegetable oils (smothers insects)
Soaps (dissolves insect wax)
Insects are wetted by spray,
eg aphids (adapted from Gerozisis and Hadlington 2001).
Crawling insects walk on treated
surfaces, eg codling moth, cockroaches
(adapted from Gerozisis and Hadlington 2001).
HAS TO BE EATEN BY THE PEST BEFORE IT IS EFFECTIVE.
Stomach insecticides are useful
against foliage chewing insects.
Insecticides with stomach action
include:
Bugmaster (carbaryl)
Confidor Insect eats treated plant surface
(imidacloprid)
Derris or poisonous baits, eg caterpillars
Dust (rotenone)
(adapted from Gerozisis and Hadlington 2001).
Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis)
Dursban (chlorpyrifos)
Insegar (fenoxycarb)
Lebaycid (fenthion)
Mavrik (tau-fluvalinate)
Naturalyte (spinosad)
Insect ingests insecticide during
grooming, eg termites (adapted from Gerozisis
and Hadlington 2001).
FUMIGANT
ACTION
Knockdown
insecticide spray
is designed for
use against flying
insects. It acts
quickly causing
sprayed insects to
fall, eg pyrethrin
ACTS THROUGH INHALATION OR ABSORPTION OF VAPOUR.
Nearly all insecticides have some
degree of volatility but for most this
is a very low level. Some, however,
can be highly volatile and are
breathed in via the spiracles and are
said to have respiratory, inhalation
or fumigant action, eg
Dichlorvos
Pyrethrin
Sulphur (sulphur) Insect breathe in insecticide, eg
flying insects (adapted from Gerozisis and Hadlington 2001)
MANY MODES OF MANY HAVE MORE THAN ONE MODE OF ACTION, eg
ACTION Bugmaster (carbaryl) - Contact and stomach action
Derris Dust (rotenone) - Contact and stomach action
Lebaycid (fenthion)
- Contact and stomach action
Ambush (permethrin - Contact and stomach action
Mavrik (tau-fluvalinate) - Contact and stomach action
Confidor (imidacloprid) - Contact and stomach action
Pirimor (pirimicarb) - Contact and fumigant action
Sulphur
- Contact and fumigant action
Insectigas (dichlorvos) - Contact, stomach and fumigant action
Slay-afe (pyrethrin)
- Contact, stomach and fumigant action
Insects and allied pests - Integrated pest management 53