PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds

PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds
PREFACE
This book is the first in a series which combines the basic principles of pests, diseases and weeds into
a single, integrated program. Plant Protection is a dynamic field and a systematic understanding of
the strategies involved is necessary for the successful management of plants and crops and to permit
constant updating. It can readily be used in conjunction with the season-related learning of plant
pests, diseases and weeds. In this preface suggestions are made on how this book may best be used.
PLANT
PROTECTION 1
REPRESENTATIVE
PROBLEMS
Representative
problems have been
chosen to indicate
possible types of damage,
control measures, etc.
Criteria for inclusion
of a pest, disease or
weed, include economic
importance, abundance,
interesting or striking
appearance.
WEB SITES
Registered and/or
recommended
pesticides change
from time to time
and it is therefore
difficult to keep
a text current
Pests, Diseases and Weeds (the causes of problems)
PESTS and DISEASES.
It can be difficult to know whether one is dealing with a pest or disease.
Definitions of these terms are often inconsistent, so pests and diseases
have been grouped together and re-divided into 2 new groups:
Parasitic problems include:
Insects and allied pests
Snails and slugs
Vertebrate pests
Nematode diseases
Virus and virus-like diseases
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Parasitic flowering plants
Non-parasitic problems include:
Living agents, eg fairy rings, lichens
Non-living agents, eg heat, pollutants
For each group, the
following is described:
Distinctive features
Host range
Damage/Symptoms
Pest/Disease cycle
‘Overwintering’
Spread
Conditions favoring
IPM and Control methods
Representative problems
Review questions and activities
Selected references
WEEDS.
Weeds are less complex to study than pests and diseases and are treated
in a traditional manner.
FACT SHEETS
Information relating to a particular problem is presented in standardized Fact
Sheets with the following headings/sub-headings:
Common name (of pest, disease or weed)
Cause/Scientific name
Host range/Plants affected/Situation
Description and Damage/Symptoms/Effect
Diagnostics
Pest/Disease/Weed cycle
Spread
Conditions favouring
Integrated Pest Management
Control methods
Cultural methods
Sanitation
Biological control
Resistant/Tolerant varieties
Plant quarantine
Pest/Disease/Weed-tested planting material
Physical and mechanical methods
Pesticides
PESTICIDES, BLANK SPACES
Pesticides are not always listed as there are many computerized
systems which provide up-to-date information on registration and safety,
eg some industries such as the grapevine industry publish current
recommendations for their particular industry.
www.apvma.com.au
Blank spaces in some instances, have been left so that where appropriate,
currently registered pesticides, new resistant/tolerant varieties, pest
management programs and other up-to-date information can be inserted.
In the online format of this book websites can be accessed by using the
Select Text button on the tool bar and pasting them into your search engine.
Those that you might want to use regularly can be placed under ‘Favourites’
on your computer.
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