PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds Table 2. Insecticide Mode of Action Groups (2009) some examples MAIN MODE OF ACTION GROUP and Primary Site of Action 4 (contd) 5 Nicotinic Acetyl choline receptor allosteric activators Nerve action 6 Chloride channel activators Nerve action 7 Juvenile hormone mimics Growth regulation 8 Miscellaneous nonspecific (multi-site) inhibitors 9 Selective Homopteran feeding blockers 10 Mite growth inhibitors Growth regulation CHEMICAL SUBGROUP or Exemplifying Active constituent 4A Neonicotinoids (contd) 4B No registered actives Spinosyns Eco-naturalure is a BFA CERTIFIED PRODUCT FOR ORGANIC GARDENS Avermectins Milbemycins (from Streptomyces sp.) 7A Juvenile hormone analogues 7B Fenoxycarb 7C Pyriproxyfen 8A Alkyl halides 8B Chloropicrin 8C Sulfuryl fluoride 9A No registered actives 9B Pymetrozine 10A Clofentezine 10B Etoxazole Trade name Active constituent ACTARA, CRUISER, MERIDIAN thiamethoxam No registered actives THE PRODUCT ECO-NATURALURE, TRACER NATURALYTE, VARIOUS spinosad (derived from soil bacteria) DELEGATE spinetoram ABAMECTIN, VERTIMEC, VARIOUS abamectin (fermentation product of soil micro-organism MILBEKNOCK, ULTIFLORA milbemectin Any on the surface is degraded by sunlight RIZACON, GRAIN- STAR, VARIOUS methoprene INSEGAR, VARIOUS fenoxycarb SUMILARV pyriproxyfen To be used by licensed pest control operators only METHYL BROMIDE methyl bromide VARIOUS chloropicrin VARIOUS sulfuryl fluoride No registered actives CHESS pymetrozine APOLLO clofentezine CALIBRE hexythiazox) PARAMITE etoxazole Mode of action Systemic Contact Stomach Contact action Stomach action baits & sprays, may kill certain wasp parasites and some lacewings Non-systemic Contact action Stomach action slow acting, good persistence effective against insects resistant to other insecticides Non-systemic but absorbed by young leaves, taken up by feeding mites and remains active for many weeks Insect growth regulator, prevents insects from maturing to adults, eg inhibits larval moulting Insect growth regulator Contact action Stomach action ovicidal, inhibits larval moulting Insect growth regulator Contact action Stomach action SOME USES Read label, obtain advice from company CROPS, SITES TREATED Turf; citrus, cotton, tomato, maize sorghum, sweetcorn, sunflower Certain herbs, fruit & nut crops, vegetables, ornamentals, field crops, tea tree, eucalypts Pome & stonefruit Ornamentals, roses, apple, pears, citrus, cotton, tomatoes, strawberries, minimum impact on beneficials Strawberries, ornamentals including roses, chrysanthemums, carnations Stored cereal grains, also dogs, cats Apples, pears Buildings, houses, restaurants, puppies, cats kittens see Fumigants page 267 All fumigants must only be supplied to and used by professional and registered fumigators see Fumigants page 267 see Fumigants page 267 Systemic Contact action Stomach action long lasting Contact action ovicide, larvicide, not adults, control for up to 80 days, slow acting Non-systemic Contact action Stomach action Ovicidal, not adults Contact action, Translaminar Residual activity of 4-5 weeks; not adult mites. Adults lay sterile eggs, stops existing eggs and nymphs developing Certain brassica vegetables, potatoes, stone fruit, cotton Certain pome & stone fruits, bananas, hops, ornamentals Ornamentals, apple, pear, stone fruit, strawberry Pome fruit, stone fruit, table grapes, cotton PESTS CONTROLLED, SUPPRESSED Broad spectrum soil & sucking insects, eg larvae of various scarabs, billbug; wireworm, earwigs, thrips, aphids Insecticide Helicoverpa,, loopers, other caterpillars, pear & cherry slug, beetles, Queensland and Mediterrean fruit flies. Narrow spectrum lightbrown apple moth, loopers and oriental fruit moth Miticide motile stages only, no ovicidal activity Insecticide leafminers, native budworm Miticide twospotted mite Narrow spectrum stored grain pests; fleas, etc Narrow spectrum codling moth, lightbrown apple moth, aids in control of San Jose scale Narrow spectrum cockroaches, fleas (retards growth of insect larvae, ovicidal) Narrow spectrum aphids (can remain alive for 2-4 days but stop feeding in a few hours) Miticide European red mite, bryobia mite, strawberry mite, twospotted mite Miticide European red mite, twospotted mite Miticide twospotted mite, bean spider mite, European red mite 58 Insects and allied pests - Integrated pest management
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds Table 2. Insecticide Mode of Action Groups (2009) some examples MAIN MODE OF ACTION GROUP and Primary Site of Action 11 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops expressing Bt toxins) BIOLOGICAL INSECTICIDES 12 Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synase) Energy metabolism CHEMICAL SUBGROUP or Exemplifying Active constituent Bacillus thuringiensis or B. sphaericus and the insecticidal proteins they produce 12A Diafenthiuron 12B Organotin miticides 12C Propargite 12D Tetradifon THE PRODUCT Trade name Active constituent AQUABAC,VECTOBAC, VARIOUS Bt. subsp. israelensis VECTOLEX Bacillus sphaericus XENTARI Bt. subsp. aizawai COSTAR, DIPEL, DELFIN, VARIOUS Bt. subsp. kurstaki NOVODOR Bt. subsp. tenebrionis TRANSGENIC CROPS Bt. crop proteins: Cry1AcCry2Ab PEGASUS diafenthiuron TORQUE fenbutatin-oxide OMITE propargite (cyclosulfine) MASTA-MITE tetradifon (formulated with dicofol) Mode of action Stomach action Stomach action Stomach action young caterpillars stop feeding, starve to death, slow acting Stomach action young caterpillars stop feeding, starve to death, slow acting Stomach action Mite growth regulator Non-systemic Contact action Stomach action Effective against all stages of mite Non-systemic Contact action only motile forms, no ovicidal activity, not toxic to most beneficial mites Non-systemic Contact action motile stages only Non-systemic Contact action All stages of mites SOME USES Read label, obtain advice from company CROPS, SITES TREATED Salt marshes, still water, waste water Salt marshes, still water, waste water Cole crops (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts) Ornamentals, cotton, vegetables, vines, fruit trees, field crops, forestry, turf elms, experimentally on eucalypt Cotton Certain ornamentals, fruit & hops Ornamentals, fruit, vegetables, Certain fruit trees, vegetables, ornamentals PESTS CONTROLLED, SUPPRESSED Narrow spectrum larvae of mosquitoes Narrow spectrum larvae of mosquitoes Narrow spectrum cabbage moth, cabbage white butterfly, cabbagecentre grub, cabbage cluster caterpillar Narrow spectrum leafeating caterpillars of Helicoverpa spp., & certain other moths & butterflies Narrow spectrum various chrysomelid & tenebrionid beetles, eg elm leaf beetle Narrow spectrum Insecticide cotton aphid, suppresses silver leaf whitefly Miticide twospotted mite Miticide twospotted mite, European red mite, bryobia mite, citrus mites, etc Miticide spider mites, European red mite, passionvine mite, false spider mites Miticide certain mites 13 Uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient Energy metabolism Chlorfenapyr 14 No registered Nicotinic acetyl-choline actives receptor chanel blockers Nerve action 15 Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, Lepidopteran Grow regulation 16 Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1 Homopteran Grow regulation 17 Moulting disruptor, Dipteran Grow regulation 18 Ecdysone receptor agonists Grow regulation INTREPID, SECURE chlorfenapyr No registered actives Benzoylureas ALSYSTIN triflumuron Buprofenzin Cyromazine Diacylhydra zines APPLAUD buprofezin (adult insects not controlled, no effective on eggs, persists long time) VETRAZIN, VARIOUS cyromazine PRODIGY methoxyfenoxide Stomach action More effective against small larvae (< 4 mm), may be highly persistent Stomach action Larvicide interferes with insect moulting (chitin formation) Insect growth regulator (IGR) Contact action Stomach action (treated insects lay sterile eggs) Contact action larvicide Stomach action Contact action (accelerates moulting, feeding ceases almost immediately) Cotton, brassica vegetables, apples peaches, pears Mushroom casing/compost; many other situations Citrus, grapes, pears, mango, persimmons, custard apple, passionfruit Sheep, animal housing, feedlots, poultry manure Pome fruit, certain other fruits and crops Insecticide bollworms (Helicoverpa spp.), cabbage white butterfly, diamond back moth Miticide twospotted mite Broad spectrum larvae of sciarid flies & other insects Narrow spectrum Hemiptera, eg mealybugs, scales, not Lepidoptera, Diptera. Hymenoptera Narrow spectrum larvae of many flies Narrow spectrum lightbrown apple moth and other Lepidoptera caterpillars Insects and allied pests - Integrated pest management 59
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Control methods Cultural methods.
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Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds