PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds Fig 255. Brush and woody weeds - Stem injection equipment, etc. AXE AND DRENCH GUN DRILLING Used for killing trees and shrubs. An axe is used to make a cut into the sapwood and the herbicide is delivered with a drench gun. Frills or notches are cut around the base of the tree by making downward axe cuts through the bark and into the sapwood. WOODYWEEDER Used for insect control and killing unwanted trees. Holes about 10 cm in diameter are drilled into the sapwood and the pesticide placed in the drilled hole. Generally used when only a few trees require treatment. SIDE WINDER This axe has been used extensively for thinning young forests and controlling woody weeds. A simple single-handed tool that combines cutting and injection, delivering the herbicide directly and immediately into the sap stream in one action. BASAL SPEAR Used for disease and pest control in avocadoes, eucalypts and other species and for controlling unwanted trees. A tool that delivers varying amounts of pesticide under a range of pressures directly into the sap stream. SOIL & BASAL BARK APPLICATIONS Used for killing trees to improve grazing lands. A 2-handed tool cuts and delivers the herbicide directly into the sapwood at the base of the tree. CUT & PAINT Used to kill trees and shrubs. Herbicide is applied to the sapwood immediately after cutting the stem off. Used to kill suckers and small seedling trees. Left : The spotgun is directed onto the soil around the stem within the drip line. The herbicide is moved into the soil by rainfall where it is taken up by the roots. Clear away all vegetative litter from area to be treated. Right : Often referred to as basal bark treatment. The spotgun is directed towards the base of young stems and the herbicide is absorbed through the young bark. The drip line is the area covered by the spread of the crown. Splatter guns deliver a measured dose of herbicide from units which resemble drench guns. The total volume applied is about 1/10th that of a handgun rate. They are used for foliage, basal bark, cut stump treatments 468 Weeds - Examples of weed situations
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds Unwanted individual trees Management Seek advice and engage a qualified arborist for trees taller than 3 metres. Safety is the No. 1 issue. Is the tree defective? Be familiar with relevent legislation. Identification of the tree must be confirmed. Know its height, diameter and whether it suckers. Control methods Legislation. Be aware that there may be conflicting legislation and opinions influencing unwanted trees. Tree Preservation Orders or other legislation may apply. Seek advice if in doubt. Weed legislation. Contact your State/Territory authority for a copy of the current list of declared weed species which change from time to time as more research is carried out. When a species is discovered to be an environmental weed, what can be done? Such a tree does not necessarily have to be removed it, it may merely have to be prevented from seeding (propagating itself). How do you prevent a tree with a 20m diameter canopy covered in seed from propagating itself is not usually defined. Problem arises when local council may not allow removal and owners don’t want to pay the cost of annual pruning to remove seeds. Negotiate annual pruning? Who pays? Although it is preferable to kill trees prior to removal, in an urban situation this is not usually acceptable. Physical & mechanical methods. Plants which do not sucker, eg conifers, can be removed by cutting them off at ground level. Trees or shrubs which do sucker, eg elm, eucalypt, poplar, black locust, honey locust, tree of heaven, wattles, willow and wisteria can be eradicated by cutting down the tree or shrub and by diligently removing the suckers over a period of time, especially in a home garden situation. However, suckers of some species, eg elm, poplar and wisteria, may continue to appear for years after the parent tree or climber has been removed. Tree remains may be chipped and applied as mulch, occasionally non-parasitic mushroom fungi may grow on them, bio-degrading them. Stumps adjacent to domestic buildings should be removed as they may attract termites, or wood rotting fungi which may later lift pavers, etc. Herbicides. Trees such as conifers which do not sucker after removal do not require application of herbicide. Cut stumps of trees that do sucker can be treated with herbicide immediately after felling. Great care must be exercised in the use of herbicides to kill woody plants. Some have a long residual life in the soil and so represent a hazard to surrounding plants. Strictly observe label recommendations for application methods. Heavy rain soon after application may cause herbicide to wash from treated stumps onto surrounding plants and areas. Although triclopyr is highly toxic to broadleaved plants during growing and dormant periods, grasses are normally unaffected and could establish quickly after treatment. Roundup , Zero (glyphosate) will kill both broadleaved and grass plants. Table 85. Unwanted individual trees – Some herbicides. What to use? ALL TYPES OF TREE POISONING Group M, eg Roundup ) (glyphosate) OR Group I, eg Garlon (triclopyr), Tordon Herbicide Gel, Vigilant Herbicide Gel (picloram) is applied directly from a container onto cut stumps. When and how to use? BEFORE TREE REMOVAL Preferably apply the herbicide prior to tree removal, but this may not be practical (page 468, Fig. 255). Follow label Directions For Use. Trees must be actively growing and not under stress (drought, waterlogging, cold). Apply herbicide to the freshly cut surface as soon as possible after frilling or notching. In tree injection, the herbicide is immediately delivered into the sap stream. Do not remove the treated tree for at least 4 weeks after treatment. to allow good translocation to the roots. AFTER TREE REMOVAL Cut and paint stump treatments (for trees which sucker). Use when circumstances make it impractical to use frilling, notching, tree injection. Paint sapwood area of the freshly cut stump. May not be as effective as frilling, notching or tree injection. Weeds - Examples of weed situations 469
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Insect secretions PLANT PROTECTION
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Control methods Cultural methods.
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Page 503 and 504: Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
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