PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES By the end of this topic, you should be able to do the following: 1. List local pest vertebrates. 2. Describe identifying features of vertebrate pest damage to selected crops. 3. Recognize by sight, damage to ornamental plants, fruit, vegetables and other crops by local pest vertebrates. 4. Compare bird damage to fruit with environmental damage, hail damage. 5. Name vertebrate pests in Australia which are controlled to some extent by biological control agents. 6. Explain why physical & mechanical methods of control are widely used to control vertebrate pests. .7. Describe State/Territory/Commonwealth legislation for the control of a local pest species. 8. Provide the active constituent, some trade names, mode of action and some uses for selected rodenticides, bird repellents, dog and cat repellents belonging to the following groups: Rodenticides Anticoagulant Bird repellents Dog & cat repellents Taste repellent Taste repellent Smell repellent Smell repellent Perch treatment 9. Provide options for controlling local pest vertebrates including: Mice and rats in a greenhouse Mice damaging stored seed Birds damaging cherry crops Possums eating walnuts Fruit bats damaging ornamental trees Cockatoos damaging ornamental trees Birds nesting in urban street trees 10. Prepare/access an IPM. program for a vertebrate pest at your work or in your region. 11. Locate reference material and know where to obtain advice on the control of rats, mice and other local pest vertebrates. SELECTED REFERENCES IACRC (The Invasive Animal Cooperative Research Centre) www.invasiveanimals.com/ Vertebrate pests www.agriculture.gov.au/ Controlling pest animals www.daff.gov.au/animalplant-health/welfare/nccaw/guidelines/pest Animal welfare www.daff.gov.au/animal-plant-health/ Threat abatement plans www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/tap.html Feral animals www.daff.gov.au/brs/land/feral-animals and search for: APAMP (Australian Pest Animal Management Program) which replaces the National Feral Animal Control Program (NFACP) PESTPLAN (A guide to setting priorities and developing a management plan for pest animals), NCCAW (National Consultative Committee on Animal Welfare) Fact Sheets and Vertebrate Pest control manuals by State/Territory Depts of Primary Industries are available online, eg Rabbits, Mice, Feral Goats, Mice, Foxes, etc. Legislation Legislation - State/Territory and Council websites EPBC Act (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) www.environment.gov.au/ Keys Lucid keys www.cbit.uq.edu.au/ Key to the Pest Rodents of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Quarantine Commonwealth quarantine www.daff.gov.au/aqis Target lists of weeds, insects, plant and animal pests and diseases. www.daff.gov.au and search for target lists Rodenticides, Local Councils/Shires Pubcris. APVMA. Canberra www.apvma.gov.au Infopest, Qld www.dpi.qld.gov.au/infopest Croplife Australia www.cropelifeaustralia.org.au/ MSDS www.msds.com.au/ Company websites make labels and MSDSs available General Breed, B. & Ford, F. 2007. Native Mice and Rats. CSIRO Pub., Melbourne. Caughley, J., Bomford, M., Parker, B., Sinclair. R., Griffiths, J. and Kelly, D. 1998. Managing Vertebrate Pests : Rodents. BRS, Canberra. Gerozisis, J. & Hadlington, P. 2008. Urban Pest Management in Australia. 5 th revised edn. UNSW Press, Sydney. Hall, L. & Richards, G. 2000. Flying Foxes : Fruit and Blossom Bats of Australia. UNSW Press, Sydney. Hone, J. 2007. Wildlife Damage Control. CSIRO Pub., Melbourne. McCarthy, P. & Bache, S. 2010. Managing Pest Birds. UNSW Press, Sydney. Oliver, K.J. Wheeler, S. H. & Gooding, CD. 1982. Field Evaluation of 1080 and Pindone Oat Bait, and the Possible Decline in Effectiveness of Poison Baiting for the Control of the Rabbit, Oryctolagus Cuniculus. Aust. Wildlife Research 9(1) 125-134. Olsen, P. 1998. Australia’s Pest Animals : New Solutions to Old Problems. Kangaroo Press, Sydney. Singleton, G. R., Hinds, L. A., Leirs, H. & Zhang, Z. 2000. Ecologically-based Rodent Management. ACIAR, Canberra. Tracey, J., Bomford, M., Hart, Q., Saunders, G. & Sinclair, R. 2007. Managing Bird Damage to Fruit and Other Horticultural Crops. Bureau of Rural Resources, Canberra. 250 Vertebrate pests
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds Nematode Diseases Root knot nematode galls (up to 25 mm across). BIOLOGY & IDENTIFICATION 252 No. diseases in Australia 252 Some distinctive features 252 Life cycle 252 Method of feeding 253 Symptoms 253 Classification 256 Identification and sampling 256 List of some species 257 Distribution within plants 259 Disease cycle 259 Overwintering, oversummering 260 Spread 260 Conditions favouring 261 INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT IDM) 262 Control methods 263 Legislation 263 Cultural methods 263 Sanitation 263 Biological control 263 Resistant, tolerant varieties and rootstocks 264 Plant quarantine 264 Disease-tested planting material 264 Physical and mechanical methods 264 Nematicides 265 Non-fumigant nematicides (Table 51) 266 Fumigants (Table 52) 267 EXAMPLE OF A NEMATODE DISEASE 268 Root knot 268 REVIEW QUESTIONS & ACTIVITIES 272 SELECTED REFERENCES 272 Nematode diseases 251
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Control methods Cultural methods.
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Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
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