PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds

PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
By the end of this topic, you should be able to do
the following:
1. List the distinctive features of fungi.
2. Explain how fungi reproduce and infect
host plants.
3. Describe symptoms on leaves, flowers, fruit,
seeds and seedlings, stems, branches and
trunks, bulbs, corms and tubers, roots, crowns
and collars, produced by local fungal diseases.
Name 1 example of each.
4. Recognize by sight, powdery mildews,
downy mildews, rusts, fungal leaf spots,
damping off and other local fungal diseases.
5. Distinguish between powdery and downy
mildew diseases on the leaves of selected host
plants and plants which get both.
6. Distinguish between symptoms caused
by peach leaf curl and green peach aphid on
peach leaves.
7. Distinguish between symptoms caused
by plague thrips and Botrytis petal
blight on flower petals.
8. Differentiate between the symptoms/damage
caused by the following to the trunks of trees:
Wood rot Borers Termites
9. Describe how you would distinguish between
symptoms caused by Phytophthora root rot
from those caused by other factors such as too
much water, too little water and salt toxicity on
the foliage and roots of selected plants.
10. Distinguish between symptoms caused
by Armillaria root rot, Phytophthora root rot
and other local soil fungal diseases.
11. Describe the first sign(s) that there is wood
rot in a tree
12. Describe the part of the wood rotting fungus
that causes the wood to rot.
13. Distinguish between fungal leaf spots
and those caused by bacterial and other agents.
14. Recognize by sight, local beneficial fungi
including:
Fungal diseases of insects
Mycorrhizae
Saprophytic fungi
15. Describe 3 types of disease cycles. Name
1 example of each.
16. Describe 4 ways by which fungal diseases may
‘overwinter’. Name 1 example of each.
17. Describe 5 ways by which fungal diseases may
spread. Name 1 example of each.
18. Describe conditions favouring any
2 common fungal diseases.
19. Why is knowledge of the disease cycle
important in determining control measures?
Use peach leaf curl as an example.
20. Describe State/Territory/Commonwealth
legislation which provides for the control
of some local fungal diseases.
21. List control methods for fungal diseases.
Describe 1 example of each.
22. Explain the meaning of the following terms as
they apply to the mode of action of
fungicides. Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of each type and how it may be
used to control foliage fungal diseases:
Non-systemic and systemic
Protectant and eradicant
23. Provide the active constituent, some trade
names, mode of action and some uses for
1 fungicide belonging to each of the
following groups/types:
Group 3
Bio-fungicides and
Group 4
similar products
Group 14
Disinfectants
Group 33
Group M1
Group M2
Group M3
24. List the fungal characteristics used to classify
fungi into Phyla.
25. Name the Phyla of fungi to which the
following fungi belong:
Downy mildews Phytophthora
Powdery mildews Wood rots
Rusts
Damping-off
26. Explain why it is necessary to know which
Phylum a fungal disease belongs to.
27. Provide the following information for
powdery and downy mildews, rusts, dampingoff
and other local fungal diseases:
Common name
Cause
Host range
Symptoms
Disease cycle
‘Overwintering’
Spread
Conditions favouring
IDM & Control
28. Prepare/access an IDM. program for a fungal
disease at your work or in your region.
29. Locate reference material and know where
to obtain advice on the identification and
control of local fungal diseases.
Fungal diseases - Examples of fungal diseases 375