PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds

PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
By the end of this topic, you should be able to do
the following:
1. List the distinctive features of snails and
slugs (Phylum Mollusca).
2. Draw diagrammatically the life cycle of a
snail or slug.
3. Recognize by sight local pest and
beneficial species.
4. Recognize by sight, snail and slug damage
to the leaves, flowers, buds, stems and tubers
of a range of local species of ornamental, fruit,
vegetable and other plants.
5. Locate typical slug and snail hiding places on
your property.
6. Distinguish snail and slug damage from
similar damage caused by other agents
including caterpillars, various leafeating beetles
and birds.
7. Provide the following information for local
pest species of snails/slugs:
Common name
Host rang
Description & damage
Pest cycle
‘Overwintering’
Spread
Conditions favouring
IPM & Control
8. Prepare/access an IPM. program for a snail or
slug pest at your work or in your region.
9. Locate reference material and know where
to obtain advice on the identification and
control of snails and slugs.
SELECTED REFERENCES
Land Snails of Australia – Museum Collections.
www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abif/bat/snails.
html
Helix Consulting. The Full-cycle Snail Farming: A
multimedia course on farming Helix Aspersa and
Helix Pomatia (CD-ROM)
www.helixconsulting.com/en/cdrom.htm
Snails Bon Appetite has developed commercial Snail
Farming Kits. www.snailsbonappetite.com.au/
Fact Sheets by State/Territory Depts. of Primary
Industries are available online, eg
Commercial Snail Farming
Organic Snail Control
Snails and Slugs
Control of Snails & Slugs
Pocket Guides
GRDC Pocket Guides & Publications
Bash ‘em, Burn ‘em, Bait ‘em. - Integrated Snail
Management in Crops and Pastures.
Snail Identification and Control
Slugs in crops
Keys
Lucid keys www.lucidcentral.com/
A Key to the Families Non-Marine Molluscs of Quarantine
Concern in Australia
Organic standards
AS 6000—2009. Standards Australia Organic and
Biodynamic Products. Standards Australia.
Organic Federation of Australia www.ofa.org.au
Quarantine
Commonwealth quarantine www.daff.gov.au/aqis
PaDIL - Pests and Diseases Image Library of diagnostic
photographs and information on more than 1000 pests
and more than 100 diseases www.padil.gov.au
Target lists of weeds, insects, plant and animal pests and
diseases. www.daff.gov.au and search for target lists
State websites have information of snails and quarantine
restrictions in their states, eg
Quarantine WA. 2009. Protocol for the Movement of
Green Snail (Helix aperta) Host Material to other
States and Territories of Australia. Version 3.5 –
June.
Molluscicides
Pubcris. APVMA. Canberra www.apvma.gov.au
Infopest, Qld www.dpi.qld.gov.au/infopest
Croplife Australia www.cropelifeaustralia.org.au/
MSDS www.msds.com.au/
Company websites provide MSDSs and Labels
General
Baker, G. and Charwat, S. 2000. Release of Fly Spells
Disaster for Snails. Farming Ahead No. 105. Sept.
Jones, D. L. and Elliot, W. R. 1986. Pests, Diseases &
Ailments of Australian Plants. Lothian, Melbourne.
Lush, A. 2005. Field and Post harvest Control of Snails
in Citrus. Horticultural Australia, Sydney.
Lush, A.L. (2008) Snail Monitoring in Vineyards -
Getting Started. The Australian and New Zealand
Grapegrower and Winemaker, June.
May, P. 1998. Parasite Highlights Need for Effective
Control of Snails, Rats. Prof. Pest Manager June-
July.
McMaugh, J. 1994. What Garden Pest or Disease is
that? Lansdowne Pub., Sydney.
Micic, S., et al. 2007. Identification and Control of Pest
Slugs and Snails for Broadcare Crops in Western
Australia. W.A. Dept. of Agriculture and Food, 2007.
Naumann, I. (ed.). 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Australian
Insect Names : Common and Scientific Names for
Insects and Allied Organisms of Economic and
Environmental Importance. 6th edn. CSIRO, East
Melbourne. new edn. avail online www.ento.csiro.au
RIRDC publications:
Farming Edible Snails – Lessons from Italy
Free Range Snail Farming in Australia
Breeding and Growing Snails
Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents of Helicid snails
Salmijah, S., Chan, M. K., Kong, B. H., Maimon, A. and
Ismail, B. S. 2000. Development of Resistance in
Achatina fulica Fer. and Bradybaena similaris Fer
towards Metaldehyde. Plant Prot Quart. Vol.15(1).
Zborowski, P. 2007. Spiders, Snails and other
Minibeasts of Australia. Young Reed, Sydney.
238 Snails and slugs