PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds External anatomy of adult insects BODY HARD COVERING The hard covering is called an exoskeleton. SEGMENTATION PROVIDES MOBILITY The body is segmented into the head, thorax and abdomen. Segmentation and mobility allows some insects and allied pests, eg funnelweb spiders, to adopt threatening positions. BILATERALLY SYMMETRICAL AND MORE OR LESS ELONGATED Each half is a mirror image of the other. HEAD SEGMENTATION AND MOBILITY Segments of the head are fused. There is a joint between the head and thorax. ANTENNAE There are 2 antennae (1 pair) for smelling, feeling, occasionally tasting and hearing. EYES Compound and/or simple eyes. MOUTH Chewing, sucking, siphoning, sponging, lapping, etc. THORAX SEGMENTATION AND MOBILITY The thorax is segmented into 3 parts to provide mobility. WINGED OR WINGLESS If winged, 1 or 2 pairs (most insects have 2 pairs of wings). If 2 pairs, 1 pair attached to each of the 2 nd and 3 rd thoracic segments. THREE PAIRS OF JOINTED LEGS Legs are flexible with a hard covering. One pair is attached to each of the 3 thoracic segments. SPIRACLES Spiracles (for breathing) may be present or absent. ABDOMEN SEGMENTATION AND MOBILITY The abdomen is segmented into up to 11 segments to provide mobility. LARGE ABDOMEN The abdomen is large compared with the head and thorax. SPIRACLES Spiracles (for breathing) may be present or absent, often 1 pair per segment. OTHER APPENDAGES Cerci at the end of the abdomen (for feeling) may be used during mating (page 16). 10 Insects and allied pests - Biology
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds Fig. 4. Diagrammatic drawings of an insect from above. HEAD THORAX ABOMEN Fig. 5. Diagrammatic drawing of a young locust (nymph) from the side. Insects and allied pests - Biology 11
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Control methods Cultural methods.
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Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds