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PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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<strong>PLANT</strong> <strong>PROTECTION</strong> 1 – <strong>Pests</strong>, <strong>Diseases</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Weeds</strong><br />

Symptoms on seeds, seedlings, cuttings<br />

Fig. 165. Loose smut (Ustilago avenae)<br />

of oats. PhotoNSW Dept of Industry <strong>and</strong> Investment<br />

(M.S.Senior).<br />

Fig. 166. Damping-off<br />

symptoms on seeds before<br />

they germinate, caused by<br />

various fungi <strong>and</strong> bacteria.<br />

PhotoNSW Dept of Industry <strong>and</strong><br />

Investment.<br />

Fig. 167. Damping-off<br />

symptoms on cuttings<br />

caused by various fungi.<br />

PhotoNSW Dept of Industry<br />

<strong>and</strong> Investment.<br />

Symptoms on fruit<br />

Fig. 168. Lemon scab (Sphaceloma<br />

fawcettii var. scabiosa). Left: On rough<br />

lemon. Right: On Eureka lemon. Photos<br />

NSW Dept of Industry <strong>and</strong> Investment (M.S.Senior).<br />

Fig. 169. Black spot (Elsinoe<br />

ampelina) on grape berries. PhotoNSW<br />

Dept of Industry <strong>and</strong> Investment (M.S.Senior).<br />

Fig. 170. Brown rot (Monilinia fructicola)<br />

infection of peach fruit causing fruit rots <strong>and</strong><br />

twig blight. PhotoNSW Dept of Industry <strong>and</strong> Investment<br />

(M.S.Senior).<br />

Fig. 171. Freckle (Cladosporium<br />

carpophilum) on nectarine fruit. Photo<br />

NSW Dept of Industry <strong>and</strong> Investment (M.S.Senior).<br />

Fungal diseases - Biology, identification <strong>and</strong> classification 317

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