PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds INSECT ORDER Common names of members HYMENOPTERA Ants Bees Wasps Sawflies NEUROPTERA Lacewings THYSANOPTERA Thrips DISTINGUISHING FEATURES Life cycle Damaging stages & method of feeding ADULT Wings Body Waist LARVA Names Legs Mouth LIFE CYCLE DAMAGING STAGES & METHOD OF FEEDING ADULT Body Head Wings Abdomen LARVA Names Legs Mouth LIFE CYCLE METHOD OF FEEDING ADULT Body Wings Mouth Legs NYMPH Names Legs Mouth LIFE CYCLE DAMAGING STAGES & METHOD OF FEEDING PLANT DAMAGE (not exhaustive) DIRECT FEEDING DAMAGE Leaves Eaten eg Leafmining eg Skeletonization eg Galls eg Stems Galls eg Trunks Borers eg Fruit General pest eg INDIRECT DAMAGE Unsightly eg May sting eg BENEFICIAL ANTS, BEES, WASPS BENEFICIAL DIRECT FEEDING DAMAGE Leaves Distortion eg Galls eg Leafrolling eg Silvering eg Flowers Dead areas eg Distortion eg Buds Distortion eg Fruit Prevent fruit set eg Corms Rotting eg INDIRECT DAMAGE 1. Excreta eg 2. Transmission of virus diseases eg BENEFICIAL THRIPS HEMIPTERA – BUGS Summary How can you distinguish a bug from a beetle? ADULT Wings Antennae Mouth 1. Heteroptera (different wing) - true bugs, eg crusader bug. 2. Hoppers (same wing), eg leaf hoppers, plant hoppers. 3. Aphids, lerps, mealybugs, scales, whiteflies. Soft bodies and usually no wings, although some may have forewings only, adult whiteflies have 2 pairs. NYMPH LIFE CYCLE DAMAGING STAGES & METHOD OF FEEDING 218 Insects and allied pests - Review questions and activities
PLANT PROTECTION 1 – Pests, Diseases and Weeds INSECT ORDER Common names of members HEMIPTERA Bugs DISTINGUISHING FEATURES Life cycle Damaging stages & method of feeding ADULT Wings Antennae Mouth Odour NYMPH LIFE CYCLE DAMAGING STAGES & METHOD OF FEEDING PLANT DAMAGE (not exhaustive) DIRECT FEEDING DAMAGE Leaves Mottling eg Spots eg Wilting eg Flowers Distortion eg Fruit Marking eg Shoots Wilting eg INDIRECT DAMAGE Disfigurement with excreta eg BENEFICIAL BUGS HEMIPTERA Hoppers ADULT Wings Antennae Mouth NYMPH LIFE CYCLE DAMAGING STAGES & METHOD OF FEEDING DIRECT FEEDING DAMAGE Leaves Mottled eg Wilting eg Stems, Egg laying eg buds INDIRECT DAMAGE Honeydew (sooty mould) May transmit virus diseases eg BENEFICIAL LEAFHOPPERS HEMIPTERA Aphids ADULT Wings Cornicles Antennae Mouth NYMPH LIFE CYCLE DAMAGING STAGES & METHOD OF FEEDING DIRECT FEEDING DAMAGE Leaves Death eg Distortion eg Galls eg Flowers, Distortion eg buds Fruit Distortion eg Reduction in size eg Stems, Death of shoots (dieback) eg trunks Distortion eg Galls eg Roots Death eg Distortion eg Galls eg INDIRECT DAMAGE Honeydew (sooty mould) eg May transmit virus diseases eg BENEFICIAL APHIDS HEMIPTERA Lerp insects ADULT Wings Antennae Mouth NYMPH LIFE CYCLE DAMAGING STAGES & METHOD OF FEEDING DIRECT FEEDING DAMAGE Leaves Dead areas eg Defoliation eg Mottling eg INDIRECT DAMAGE Honeydew (sooty mould) eg BENEFICIAL LERP INSECTS Insects and allied pests - Review questions and activities 219
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Control methods Cultural methods.
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Root structure of dock (Rumex spp.)
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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds

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PLANT PROTECTION 1 â Pests, Diseases and Weeds