Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming XI

which express entirely the transformation process of metabolic energy
into useful activity result in human swimming. All intermediate values
are omitted to concentrate attention on the studied process. The values
of subjects’ body length (L) and body mass (m 0 ) functionally connected
with P ai and F r(f.d.) are given for the moment of experimental period
ending, since the range of their variations was insignificant.
Table 1. Experimental values of active energetic metabolism power and
efficiency of its transformation into swimming velocity in the studied
zones of energy supply in dolphin swimming by a sprinter female subject
(L = 1.73 m, m 0 = 60.1 kg).
Values
Test 1
below AT
Test 2
above VO 2 max
Test 3
between AT and VO 2 max
P ai , W 838.41 1781.25 1173.95
e g 0.062 0.061 0.068
e p 0.655 0.649 0.714
F r(f.d.), N 25.20 46.90 39.50
v 0 exp , m·s�1 1.30 1.50 1.44
Table 2. Experimental values of active energetic metabolism power and
efficiency of its transformation into swimming velocity in the studied
zones of energy supply in brass swimming by a medium distances male
subject (L = 1.90 m, m 0 = 76.0 kg).
Values
Test 1
below AT
Test 2
above VO 2 max
Test 3
between AT and VO 2 max
P ai , W 993.32 2100.49 1440.71
e g 0.073 0.066 0.076
e p 0.714 0.693 0.752
F r(f.d.), N 42.57 65.79 58.05
v 0 exp , m·s�1 1.22 1.46 1.42
Table 3 represents mean group values of mechanical and propulsive efficiency
for female and male subjects, who took part in this research, in
the studied zones of energy supply. The matter is that the frontal component
of active drag force depends essentially on a swimming stroke,
whereas power of active energetic metabolism in all the studied zones of
energy supply depends on human body mass. Therefore, the summarising
Table 3 includes only the values of e g and e p which reflect integrally
efficiency of metabolic energy transformation process into useful activity
result in human swimming.
Table 3. Dimensionless coefficients of mechanical (e g ) and propulsive
(e p ) efficiency in the studied zones of energy supply for female and male
subjects (P is the level of differences significance).
Test 1
below AT
e g
e p
between 1 and 2 P
Test 2
above VO 2 max
e g
e p
Women P Men
0.0604±0.0018
0.647±0.009
0.0592±0.0022
0.656±0.008