Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming XI

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Figure 2. Experimental setting for the evaluation of the coordination. The Hildreth index (Cilia et al., 1996) was employed in order to evaluate the laterality of the subjects (hand dominance). According to the protocol, twelve actions for each part (e.g. hand, foot, eye) are selected and the preferred side employed during the test is recorded. The index was calculated as follows: (nr of trials executed on the right – nr of trials executed on the left) · 12 -1 . Based on the results (-100 to 100) it is possible to define the side and the degree of the laterality. In our study the twelve actions using the hands were selected and the frequency of employment in the action requested was surveyed. The ability to “feel the water” strictly depends on sensory-perceptive skills, hence the “dive and glide” test was applied to evaluate it (Cazorla, 1993; Invernizzi et al., 2007). The distance reached by the swimmers after gliding was measured. Neither movements nor propulsive actions were allowed during the gliding phase. The relationships observed were: blind swimming and swimming style, blind swimming and coordination, blind swimming and gliding. Results were also discussed with respect to the swimmers laterality. Statistical analyses were carried out by SPSS 13.0® software, using p
BiomechanicsandmedicineinswimmingXi Figure 4 – Correlations between coordination (sum of the degrees of the trials performed) and the deviation (sum of the absolute score values) in blind swimming. Figure 5 – Correlations between the deviation (sum of the absolute score values) in blind swimming and gliding. The Hildreth test showed that 96.4% of the subjects were right hand (RH) dominant (27 subjects out of 28). The Starosta test showed that 66.6% of our subjects were left leg (LL) dominant, the remaining being right leg (RL) dominant. Hence, 66.6% had the cross laterality combination RH-LL. When comparing the absolute score values between the RH-LL and RH-RL subjects, that is, how much the deviation from the straight line was regardless of the direction, no significant difference in blind front crawl or backstroke were found. In breaststroke, a significant difference was found (points±SD, 7.88±2.49 versus 9.88±1.90, p
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Bibliographic information: Biomecha
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Figure 1. General biomechanical par
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average VO2 measured during resting
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Fourteen highly trained male swimme
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Figure 2. Repeatability of the LTin
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Pahlen Norge AS Pahlen Norge AS Cha
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Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming XI

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