Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming XI

BiomechanicsandmedicineinswimmingXi
ing the arms. Swimmers were subjectively assessed based on height.
Vertical position support skills were assessed based on the two
scores: 1) vertical position score and 2) design score. The vertical position
support skills were assessed by instructing each swimmer to support
the highest possible vertical position for 15 seconds and enter the water
while supporting this position. This test most closely reflects support
scull skills. Vertical position score obtained as part of a routine set of
tests conducted during the Qualifying Trial. International judges determined
vertical position scores which swimmers were assessed based
on height, presence, stability, and correct position. Design scores (vertical
position correctness and extension) were determined by the national
coach and six international judges with a maximum score of 5 points in
half-point increments during the Skill Evaluation Test.
The isokinetic peak torque for knee flexion and extension (angle rate:
60 or 180˚/s), trunk flexion and extension (angle rate: 60 or 120˚/s) and
shoulder internal and external rotations (angle rate: 60 or 120˚/s) were
measured using the BIODEX System 3 (Biodex Medical Systems Inc.).
Isokinetic peak torque per body weight was also calculated.
The relationship between EB and height score to the isokinetic peak
torque for knee extension and flexion or trunk extension and flexion
and the relationship between vertical position and design scores to the
isokinetic peak torque for shoulder internal and external rotations were
analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients with the level of
significance set at p